Controlling the Morphology of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Sequential Catalytic Growth Induced by Phosphorus

Jourdain, Vincent; Stéphan, Odile; Castignolles, M.; Loiseau, Annick; Bernier, P.

doi:10.1002/adma.200305763

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, we did not observe the periodic structure of repeating elementary units resembling a nanoscale matchstick and consisting of a nanoparticle surrounded by a graphitic shell, as was observed previously in MWNTs grown in the presence of phosphorus in the catalytic nanoparticle. 13 As can be seen in Fig. 2(b), a high resolution TEM image of P-MWNTs prepared with 0.25 wt.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of phosphorus-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Larrudé

Costa

Monteiro

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Phosphorus-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (P-MWNTs) have been successfully synthesized by spray pyrolysis methods using a solution of ferrocene and triphenylphosphine in toluene. Electron microscopy images reveal corrugated tubes with a special morphology, similar to a carbon necklace. P-MWNTs are shorter compared to undoped tubes grown in the same conditions using ferrocene and toluene as precursors. Raman spectroscopy characterization suggests the formation of more defective tubes as the phosphorus in the precursor solution was increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealing the chemical environment of the phosphorus atoms clearly indicates the presence of substitutional phosphorus in the nanotubes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of phosphorus-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Larrudé

Costa

Monteiro

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…In the experiments of Gamalski et al, the thinning of the wall finally led to the detachment of the nanotube from the catalyst particle and the nucleation of another CNT displaying the same behaviour. Similarly, studying the growth of MWCNTs displaying periodic fluctuation of their inner diameter and periodic inclusion of catalyst material, Jourdain et al [237] found that the size evolution of the carbon units along the MWCNT could be quantitatively accounted for by periodic fluctuations of the carbon concentration of the catalyst particle. Together, these results support that the inner diameter is influenced by the instantaneous carbon concentration of the catalyst particle which depends on both the carbon supply and consumption.…”

Section: Nanotube Inner Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition

Jourdain

Bichara

2013

Carbon

490

334

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Due to its higher degree of control and its scalability, catalytic chemical vapour deposition is now the prevailing synthesis method of carbon nanotubes. Catalytic chemical vapour deposition implies the catalytic conversion of a gaseous precursor into a solid material at the surface of reactive particles or of a continuous catalyst film acting as a template for the growing material. Significant progress has been made in the field of nanotube synthesis by this method although nanotube samples still generally suffer from a lack of structural control. This illustrates the fact that numerous aspects of the growth mechanism remain ill-understood. The first part of this review is dedicated to a summary of the general background useful for beginners in the field. This background relates to the carbon precursors, the catalyst nanoparticles, their interaction with carbonaceous compounds and their environment. The second part provides an updated review of the influence of the synthesis parameters on the features of nanotube samples: diameters, chirality, metal/semiconductor ratio, length, defect density and catalyst yield. The third part is devoted to important and still open questions, such as the mechanism of nanotube nucleation and the chiral selectivity, and to the hypotheses currently proposed to answer them

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“…This is in part because of a lack of control of the reactivity of the outer CNT walls and of the basic electronic structure. Common wisdom indicates that the insertion of different atoms (doping) into a nanotube lattice alters its structure and properties, which if controlled can be used to effectively tailor the nanotube properties 7–13. However, to reach this level of precision, a fundamental understanding of the nature of CNT doping during the growth process must be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good example of this is for nitrogen doping: N acts as an electron donor, causing a shift of the Fermi level to the valence bands, thus making all N‐doped tubes metallic 14. Doping with Co, P, K, Si, B, and O 7–13, 15–28 has also been shown possible, with each case yielding substantial changes to the intrinsic electronic structure of the carbon nanotube.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical and experimental study on manipulating the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes using substitutional dopants

Sumpter

Huang

Meunier

et al. 2008

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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ABSTRACT:We examine the possibility of controlling nanotube growth and simultaneously manipulating the nanotube properties by adding elements in minute amounts (such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur) that are different from carbon and the metal catalyst during the growth process. This procedure is shown to be capable of producing bamboo-type morphologies, heterodoped carbon nanotubes, and Y-junctions. This also represents a critical step toward tailoring properties and controlling nanotube architectures, thus promoting the development of novel materials with unusual electronic applications. The underlying formation mechanisms that lead to the observed structures and morphologies are elucidated using wideranging electronic structure calculations that reveal the fundamentally different nature of nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur during carbon nanotube growth.

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Controlling the Morphology of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Sequential Catalytic Growth Induced by Phosphorus

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Characterization of phosphorus-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Characterization of phosphorus-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition

A theoretical and experimental study on manipulating the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes using substitutional dopants

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