Controlling the emulsion stability of cosmetics through shear mixing process

Kim, Kwang-Mo; Oh, Hee; Lee, Jun Hyup

doi:10.1007/s13367-020-0023-4

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Hair conditioners are traditionally formulated as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. These emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and can separate overtime due to difference in surface tensions of the oil and the water phases [57]. To ensure emulsion stability, three forms of energy must be applied to the system to overcome the free energy at the oil-water interface: chemical energy in form of emulsifiers, mechanical energy through shear mixing and thermal energy by heating both phases to a set temperature.…”

Section: Processing Effects On Emulsion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Processing Conditions on Rheology, Tribology and Wet Lubrication Performance of a Novel Amino Lipid Hair Conditioner

2021

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The objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of a novel cationic amino lipid surfactant, Brassicyl Valinate Esylate (BVE), in contrast to conventional alkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants (quats), through a study of the effects of process mixing speed on its overall rheological, tribological and wet lubrication performance in comparison to BTAC and CTAC, two cationic surfactants widely used in cosmetics. The major cosmetic application of cationic surfactants is in the preparation of hair conditioners. Hence, this analysis was done firstly by conducting tensile combing tests to evaluate reduction in wet lubrication which translates to conditioning performance. The combing results serve as a testing metric that adequately corresponds to consumer perception of conditioned hair. To correlate this technically, yield stress measurements were conducted to establish rheologic profiles of the conditioner formulations, and in vitro tribological testing of the emulsion systems between two steel surfaces were done to technically simulate the spreading and rubbing of conditioner on the hair. The effect of processing conditions on the formulations was then evaluated. BVE was found to be an effective conditioning surfactant suitable as an eco-friendly replacement for BTAC and CTAC in hair conditioner formulations. The results showed that higher shear mixing rates during formulation lead to poorer performance effects evident through decreased yield stress values, lower percentage reduction in combing force and a higher coefficient of friction.

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Section: Processing Effects On Emulsion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Processing Conditions on Rheology, Tribology and Wet Lubrication Performance of a Novel Amino Lipid Hair Conditioner

2021

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“…Generally, they can be classified into single emulsions (such as water-in-oil and oil-in-water) and multiple emulsions (such as oil-in-water-in-oil and water-in-oil-in-water). They consist of two or more immiscible liquid phases [ 96 ]. One phase is dispersed into droplets in another continuous phase.…”

Section: Application Of Poss Derivatives In Cosmetic Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silsesquioxanes in the Cosmetics Industry—Applications and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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The rising demand for innovative and sophisticated personal care products is a driving factor for manufacturers to obtain new formulations that will fulfill the customers’ preferences. In recent years, silsesquioxanes have attracted the attention of the cosmetics industry. These compounds have been proposed to be used in novel cosmetic formulations as emollient, dispersant, and viscosity modifiers. Therefore, this publication aims to review the main important aspects of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes as ingredients of personal care formulations, taking into consideration different types of products. The methods of obtaining these compounds were also presented. Additionally, the detailed analysis of patents dedicated to the application of silsesquioxanes in cosmetic formulations was also performed.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, few works on the mixing process (viz. Essi [2], Ploypetchara et al [3], Kim et al [5], Jasikova et al [9], and Fitschen et al [12], among others) are available in the literature. However, very few researchers ( [84,85]) considered the combination of the mixing process as well as manufacturing process in his/her work.…”

Section: Research Gap and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixing problem has a great impact on different sectors of business management, viz. the medicine industry (Gautam et al [1], Essi [2], Ploypetchara et al [3]), cosmetics industry (Bernardo and Saraiva [4], Kim et al [5], Zhang et al [6]), chemical industry (Funt [7], Wu et al [8], Jasikova et al [9]), and so on, to produce essential commodities in our daily life. Thus, in the area of inventory control, investigation of the production inventory problem of a mixed product along with the mixing process is an intersecting research area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model of the Production Inventory Problem for Mixing Liquid Considering Preservation Facility

et al. 2021

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The mixing process of liquid products is a crucial activity in the industry of essential commodities like, medicine, pesticide, detergent, and so on. So, the mathematical study of the mixing problem is very much important to formulate a production inventory model of such type of items. In this work, the concept of the mixing problem is studied in the branch of production inventory. Here, a production model of mixed liquids with price-dependent demand and a stock-dependent production rate is formulated under preservation technology. In the formulation, first of all, the mixing process is presented mathematically with the help of simultaneous differential equations. Then, the mixed liquid produced in the mixing process is taken as a raw material of a manufacturing system. Then, all the cost components and average profit of the system are calculated. Now, the objective is to maximize the corresponding profit maximization problem along with the highly nonlinear objective function. Because of this, the mentioned maximization problem is solved numerically using MATHEMATICA software. In order to justify the validity of the model, two numerical examples are worked out. Finally, to show the impact of inventory parameters on the optimal policy, sensitivity analyses are performed and the obtained results are presented graphically.

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Controlling the emulsion stability of cosmetics through shear mixing process

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of Processing Conditions on Rheology, Tribology and Wet Lubrication Performance of a Novel Amino Lipid Hair Conditioner

Impact of Processing Conditions on Rheology, Tribology and Wet Lubrication Performance of a Novel Amino Lipid Hair Conditioner

Silsesquioxanes in the Cosmetics Industry—Applications and Perspectives

A Mathematical Model of the Production Inventory Problem for Mixing Liquid Considering Preservation Facility

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