Controlling Porosity in Lignin‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Jeon, Junhyub; Zhang, Libing; Lutkenhaus, Jodie L.; Laskar, Dhrubojyoti D.; Lemmon, John P.; Choi, Daiwon; Nandasiri, Manjula I.; Hashmi, Ali; Xu, Jie; Motkuri, Radha Kishan; Fernández, Carlos A.; Liu, Jian; Tucker, Melvin P.; McGrail, P.; Yang, Bin; Nune, Satish K.

doi:10.1002/cssc.201402621

Cited by 203 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A typical box shaped cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve confirmed the capacitive behavior of the material within a potential window of 0 to 1 V (Figure S3a), while a galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) run at 0.1 A g −1 current density rendered a specific capacitance value, C s , of 118 F g −1 (Figure S3b). This is a moderate value as compared to the highest C s ’s of activated carbons from carbohydrate biomass, but on par with values of lignin derived biochar ,. The measured specific capacitance of 118 F g −1 agrees well with the correlation

true C_{s} = (S_{BET} \cdot C_{normala}) + ([CO] \cdot C_{normalb})

…”

Section: Applications Of Biocharssupporting

confidence: 75%

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications

et al. 2018

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Valorization of lignocellulosic feedstock from a Dutch elm disease tolerant Ulmus minor clone was studied as a new biomass resource. Herein, fermentable sugars and activated carbons from the side‐stream lignins were produced. For the sugar extraction organosolv and acid hydrolysis pretreatments prior to enzymatic hydrolysis were compared for the first time for this clone prior to enzymatic hydrolysis; organosolv was more efficient for delignification (49 %), while acid hydrolysis was more efficient at eliminating hemicelluloses (95 %). A high final glucose concentration of 22–23.5 g L−1 was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis suggesting that this clone can be considered a potential source for glucose‐based biofuel production. The side‐stream lignins were converted to microporous biochars of high surface area (1220 m2 g−1) and micropore volume (0.42 cm3 g−1). These biochars exhibited excellent properties as electrodes in supercapacitors with a specific capacitance of 118 F g−1 and a high energy density of 14 Wh kg−1 at 7000 W kg−1, while they were also efficient adsorbents in water remediation of model contaminants.

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true C_{s} = (S_{BET} \cdot C_{normala}) + ([CO] \cdot C_{normalb})

…”

Section: Applications Of Biocharssupporting

confidence: 75%

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications

et al. 2018

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“…Other types of lignin are included for comparison. [26] The surfacea rea of each type of lignin is substantially lower direct from the fractionation process than LCMF O .O nc omparison with other lignin-based catalysts, Huang et al described the preparation of as ulfonated carbon catalystf rom Klason lignin, and the BET surfacea rea was quoted as 12.1 m 2 g À1 (mercuryp orosimetry), although no surface area was reported before sulfonation. For instance, Kraft lignin (entry 11)u ndergoes extensive degradation during its production,w hich causest he loss of structurali ntegrity and results in the observed low surfacea rea of < 2m 2 g À1 .This observation for Kraft lignin is corroborated by the work of Hu and Hsieh in which they report aB ET surface area of 1m 2 g À1 for alkali lignin.…”

Section: Solid-state Nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material

et al. 2015

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The lignin by-product of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) has been characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, N2 physisorption porosimetry, attenuated internal reflectance IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The lignin (LCMF) has a moderate level of mesoporosity before thermal treatment and a surface area of 63 m(2) g(-1) , which increases dramatically on pyrolysis at temperatures above 400 °C. An assessment of the functionality and textural properties of the material was achieved by analysing LCMF treated thermally over a range of pyrolysis temperatures. Samples were sulfonated to test their potential as heterogeneous acid catalysts in the esterification of levulinic acid. It was shown that unpyrolysed catalysts gave the highest ester yields of up to 93 %. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of mesoporous lignin with an appreciable surface area that is produced directly from a bio-refinery process and with further textural modification of the material demonstrated.

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“…[34][35][36] More recently, researchers have made tremendous efforts to produce various porous carbons from inexpensive renewable biomasses such as bagasse, 37 cotton, 38 rice, 39 silk proteins, 40 lignosulphonatecellulose, 41 typha orientalis, 42 wood. 43 However, limited methods to access HPCs from biomass have been reported. [44][45][46] Based on the existing predicament of 3D-HPCs, we will explore a facile route for large-scale production of which from corn husks(CHs) as lowcost, sustainable biomass resource to promote the commercial application of 3D-HPCs as supercapacitor electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile self-templating large scale preparation of biomass-derived 3D hierarchical porous carbon for advanced supercapacitors

et al. 2015

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Routine or incremental work, however competently researched and reported, should not be recommended for publication if it does not meet our expectations with regard to novelty and impact.It is the responsibility of authors to provide fully convincing evidence for the homogeneity and identity of all compounds they claim as new. Evidence of both purity and identity is required to establish that the properties and constants reported are those of the compound with the new structure claimed.Thank you for your effort in reviewing this submission. It is only through the continued service of referees that we can maintain both the high quality of the publication and the rapid response times to authors.Corn husk, a renewable biomass, has been successfully explored as low-cost crude carbon source to prepare advanced higher-value 3D HPCs by means of KOH pre-treatment and direct pyrolysis, and the route is simple, self-template and easy to implement scale-up for industrialization. The CHHPCs present many advantages for supercapacior application, including higher surface area (928 m 2 g -1 ), hierarchical porosity consisting of macro, meso, and micropores, turbostratic carbon structure, uniform pore size, 3D architecture and rich O-doping (17.1 wt%). The supercapacitor performance of CHHPCs was evaluated in 6 M KOH electrolyte and 1 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. The CHHPCs exhibits a high specific capacitance of 356 F g -1 and 300 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 , 20 A g -1 , respectively, ultra-high rate capability with 88% retention rate from 1 to 10 A g -1 and outstanding cycling stability with 95% capacitance retention after 2500 cycles. The CHHPCs symmetric supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 21 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 875 W kg -1 and retains as high as 11 Wh kg -1 at 5600 W kg -1 in 1M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. The facile, efficient and template-free synthesis strategy for novel 3D-HPCs from biomass sources may promote commercial application of 3D-HPCs in the fields of supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, fuel cells and sorbents.

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Controlling Porosity in Lignin‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon for Supercapacitor Applications

Cited by 203 publications

References 59 publications

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications

Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material

Facile self-templating large scale preparation of biomass-derived 3D hierarchical porous carbon for advanced supercapacitors

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