Controlling of Mango Powdery Mildew by some Salts, Growth Regulators and the Biofungicide AQ10 Compared with Punch Fungicide in Egypt

Abstract

Abstract:Two experiments on 10 years old mango trees, Saddeka cv. (high susceptible cultivar) were conducted under field condition during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons for management of powdery mildew at El Adleia district, Belbees county, ElSharkia governorate. In these trials, mango trees were sprayed with two potassium phosphate salts , calcium chloride ,three commercial growth regulators ,i.e. Agrotone (NAA), Cultar (paclobutrazol) , and Berelex (GA3), the bio-fungicide AQ10 (Ampelomyces quisqualis) , the commercial systemic fungicide Punch (flusilazole) and an alternate among Cultar ( paclobutrazol ), monobasic phosphate and the fungicide Punch. The aforementioned treatments were applied at 14 days intervals during both growing seasons starting at bud flower burst stage till full bloom stage in order to evaluate their efficiency on management mango powdery mildew disease. The obtained results showed that spraying of mango trees ( Saddeka cv.) during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons with any of the tested treatments significantly reduced the severity of powdery mildew with significant increase to the produced fruit yield compared with control treatment.In addition, results of both seasons revealed that alternation spray among Cultar ( paclobutrazol ), mono basic potassium phosphate and the fungicide Punch was the most superior treatment in reducing severity of the disease and producing the highest fruit yield followed by spraying of the fungicide Punch then spraying of mono basic potassium phosphate . Meanwhile, Brelex was of the lowest efficiency treatment in this regard followed by spraying of Agrotone . The other treatments recorded intermediate figures. Control treatment recorded 44.3 % disease severity and produced poor fruit yield.

Dieback of Mango and Cutting Method Impact on the Regeneration of Tree in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone

“…After 7-10 days, the fungal growths were microscopically observed and identified based on culture morphology, spores and conidia of the specific pathogens (fungi) 5,6,[22][23][24] Trends Agric. Sci., 2 (1): [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]2023 Assessment of disease incidence: Incidence of mango dieback disease was recorded in each site during the dry season (March and April) and the rainy season (July and August) using formula 12,25 :…”

“…Assessment of disease incidence: For assessment of disease severity, a scale on a visual basis of disease severity symptoms i.e., rotting and drying of leaves in four different portions (North, South, East and West) of the tree (Table 1) were developed 12,26 .…”

“…Griffon, Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis microspora, Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Phoma glomerata are the pathogens often associated with this disease [7][8][9] . However, L. theobromae seems to be the frequently isolated pathogen despite the presence of Ceratocystis fimbriata in almost all orchards in Pakistan, Oman and Brazil 7,[10][11][12][13] . Isolation of L. theobromae from different regions ranged from 8-61% and pathogenicity tests always confirm symptoms of dieback with L. theobromae.…”

“…Gummosis and rot occurred in the bark of the stem. The leaves of the trees wither out and remain attached to the dying tree 12,14,15 . These symptoms may be found alone or in a combination of two or more symptoms in different mango orchards in Brazil or Pakistan 16,17 .…”

Mango Diseases: Impact of Fungicides

“…The fungicide Punch was the most effective on mango and mustard when tested to managing powdery mildew disease in India [109]. However, once resistant strains appeared, most of them survived for several years, therefore the risk of re-enhancing a resistant population with further applications of ineffective [110].…”