Controlling Nucleation in Lithium Metal Anodes

Guan, Xuze; Wang, Aoxuan; Liu, Shan; Li, Guojie; Liang, Feng; Yang, Ying‐Wei; Liu, Xingjiang; Luo, Jiayan

doi:10.1002/smll.201801423

Cited by 184 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…[1,13] 2) Infinite volume fluctuation of Li anodes brings serious damage to the fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and causes unstable Li anode/liquid electrolyte interface during Li plating/stripping. [15] To effectively address the aforementioned problems, numerous strategies have been proposed, including structured anode design, [16][17][18][19] in/ex-situ artificial SEI protective layer, [20,21] functional electrolyte additives, [22,23] and solid/quasisolid-state electrolytes. [15] To effectively address the aforementioned problems, numerous strategies have been proposed, including structured anode design, [16][17][18][19] in/ex-situ artificial SEI protective layer, [20,21] functional electrolyte additives, [22,23] and solid/quasisolid-state electrolytes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Ren

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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intercalation reaction mechanism of commercialized graphite anodes, the energy density of LIBs is nearly approaching its theoretical limits (350 Wh kg −1 ). [2,3] More advanced alternative electrodes are urgently needed to satisfy the growing demand for portable electronics and electric vehicles. [4] With the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and lowest electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs standard hydrogen electrode), lithium (Li) metal is considered as the most desirable anode for next-generation high energy-storage applications, [5][6][7] including rechargeable Li-S [8][9][10] and Li-O 2 batteries. [11,12] Nevertheless, challenges still remained and the following issues are still urgently needed to be settled: 1) the intrinsic high reactivity of Li metal accelerates the corrosive side reactions between Li and electrolyte, leading to low Coulombic efficiency and Li anode degradation. [1,13] 2) Infinite volume fluctuation of Li anodes brings serious damage to the fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and causes unstable Li anode/liquid electrolyte interface during Li plating/stripping. [5,14] 3) The uncontrollable Li dendrite growth impales the separator, resulting in catastrophic combustion and explosion. [15] To effectively address the aforementioned problems, numerous strategies have been proposed, including structured anode design, [16][17][18][19] in/ex-situ artificial SEI protective layer, [20,21] functional electrolyte additives, [22,23] and solid/quasisolid-state electrolytes. [24][25][26][27] Specifically, structured anode can manipulate the electric field redistribution on Li surface, decrease the local current density and accommodate large volume fluctuation during cycling, while the unwell protected large surface area would lead to more serious parasite reactions. Alternatively, the artificial protective layer and functional additives could enhance the plating quality by modifying the SEI composition, but the severe anode volume change and inevitable additive consumption always leads to failure in long cycling operation, especially under high current density. The solid/quasi-solid-state electrolyte is considered to be a relatively safe way to replace the traditional flammable liquid electrolyte. However, the high electrolyte/electrode interface resistance and low ionic conductivity at room temperature are still hard to be resolved. Therefore, though all these strategies have made great progress, further improvements are Lithium metal anodes are considered the most promising anode for nextgeneration high-energy-density batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, intractable barriers, especially the notorious dendrite growth, severe volume expansion, and side reactions, have obstructed its large-scale application. Numerous strategies from different points of view are explored to surmount these obstacles. Within these efforts, dynamically engineering the forces applied during the electrochemical process plays a significant r...

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confidence: 99%

Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Ren

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[26] The graphite-SiO 2 bilayer (Figure 2b) protects the bare Li from any side reactions. [27] These protuberances generate nonuniform electric field during charge/discharge leading to inhomogeneous plating of Li. The cracks and uneven surface can be seen in high-resolution AFM images in Figure 2c,e for the bare Li metal surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the surface topography and measure Young's modulus mapping of bare Li and graphite-SiO 2 Li. [7c, 27,28] Local high electric field and high lithiumion flux accelerate nucleation and growth of Li at the local points which gradually change into the dendritic Li. The surface roughness values of the bare Li and graphite-SiO 2 Li were compared by measuring the average surface root mean square (RMS) via high-resolution AFM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO₂ as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode

Pathak

Chen

Gurung

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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3860 mAh g −1 ), low redox potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) and high capability to be coupled with high-voltage and/or high-capacity cathode materials. [1] However, the practical application of Li as an anode in rechargeable lithium batteries is still hindered by the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and limited cycle life. [2] Numerous efforts have been made to address these issues. One of the strategies focuses on the design of suitable electrolytes by optimizing the concentration, [3] adding additives and fillers, [4] engineering highmodulus solid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes. [5] These advanced electrolytes are expected to have excellent electrochemical stability on the Li electrode and higher Young's modulus to resist the dendrite growth. [6] Further, developing stable host materials and nanostructured scaffolds to accommodate Li during the plating process has been employed to address the issues of large volume changes during lithium plating/stripping. [7] Recently, developing an artificial interfacial layer between the electrolyte and Li metal electrode has attracted tremendous attention in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The interfacial layer can prevent side reactions, enable fast Li-ion diffusion, and suppress the Li dendrite growth for the efficient operation of Li metal anode. The side reactions and interfacial instability of Li metal lead to significant consumption of electrolyte. As a result, the resistance of the Li metal cell increases that leads to overpotential and ultimately short cell lifespan. Previous studies showed that various ceramics such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 are very promising interfacial layers to buffer the volumetric expansion of the anode. [8] Such ceramic layers are able to conduct Li + and block electron transport. [9] Lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes and multilayered graphene with high mechanical rigidity have been reported as a controlled Li diffusion interface. [10] In addition, glass fibers, silica sandwiched between two separators, and silica@poly(methyl methacrylate) (SiO 2 @PMMA) nanosphere-modified Cu electrode has also been studied. [7c,11] These artificial layers improve wettability toward electrolyte, reduce the concentration of Li ions, and react with growing Li to suppress the dendrites. Organic/inorganic Lithium metal anodes are expected to drive practical applications that require high energy-density storage. However, the direct use of metallic lithium causes safety concerns, low rate capabilities, and poor cycling performance due to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and undesired lithium dendrite growth. To address these issues, a radio frequency sputtered graphite-SiO 2 ultrathin bilayer on a Li metal chips is demonstrated, for the first time, as an effective SEI layer. This leads to a dendrite free uniform Li deposition to achieve a stable voltage profile and outstanding long hours plating/stripping compared to the bare Li. Compared to a bare Li anode, the graph...

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“…Most studies were aimed at developing large surface area porous hosts to reduce the local current density and thus inhibit dendrite formation according to the classical theory of dendrite growth . However, recent studies have shown that porous hosts with a large electroactive surface area are helpful in reducing the nucleation overpotential and producing uniform Li deposition . Therefore, attention needs to be paid to the nucleation behavior of Li within the host to further regulate Li deposition and improve the cycling performance of the Li anode.…”

Section: Strategies For Developing Stable LI Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li is an extremely reactive metal having only one electron in its outer shell, and due to the shielding effect between the nucleus and the inner electrons, it can easily loss its outer electron to form Li + , making it highly reactive and thermodynamically unstable. [19] Furthermore, rechargeable batteries are usually operated at a constant current density with an equal amount of current flowing between the two opposite electrodes (I cathode = I anode ). As the positive electrode is usually porous in nature, the electric field is uniformly distributed and the current density is normalized by its relatively high electroactive surface area.…”

Section: Reactivity Of LI Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Aspects of Lithium Metal Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

Ghazi

Sun

et al. 2019

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Rechargeable batteries are considered promising replacements for environmentally hazardous fossil fuel‐based energy technologies. High‐energy lithium‐metal batteries have received tremendous attention for use in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, the low Coulombic efficiency, short life cycle, huge volume expansion, uncontrolled dendrite growth, and endless interfacial reactions of the metallic lithium anode are major obstacles in their commercialization. Extensive research efforts have been devoted to address these issues and significant progress has been made by tuning electrolyte chemistry, designing electrode frameworks, discovering nanotechnology‐based solutions, etc. This Review aims to provide a conceptual understanding of the current issues involved in using a lithium metal anode and to unveil its electrochemistry. The most recent advancements in lithium metal battery technology are outlined and suggestions for future research to develop a safe and stable lithium anode are presented.

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Controlling Nucleation in Lithium Metal Anodes

Cited by 184 publications

References 140 publications

Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO₂ as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode

Key Aspects of Lithium Metal Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

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Controlling Nucleation in Lithium Metal Anodes

Cited by 184 publications

References 140 publications

Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO2 as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode

Key Aspects of Lithium Metal Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

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Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO₂ as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode