We investigated the transport of
neuronal mitochondria using superlocalized near-fields with plasmonic
nanohole arrays (PNAs). Compared to traditional imaging techniques,
PNAs create a massive array of superlocalized light beams and allow
3D mitochondrial dynamics to be sampled and extracted almost in real
time. In this work, mitochondrial fluorescence excited by the PNAs
was captured by an optical microscope using dual objective lenses,
which produced superlocalized dynamics while minimizing light scattering
by the plasmonic substrate. It was found that mitochondria move with
an average velocity 0.33 ± 0.26 μm/s, a significant part
of which, by almost 50%, was contributed by the movement along the
depth axis (z-axis). Mitochondrial positions were
acquired with superlocalized precision (σ
x
= 5.7 nm and σ
y
= 11.8 nm)
in the lateral plane and σ
z
= 78.7
nm in the z-axis, which presents an enhancement by
12.7-fold in resolution compared to confocal fluorescence microscopy.
The approach is expected to serve as a way to provide 3D information
on molecular dynamics in real time.