Controlling mechanisms and cross linkages of ecosystem metabolism and atmospheric CO2 flux in the northern South China Sea

Hung, Jia‐Jang; Wang, Y.-J.; Tseng, Chun‐Mao; Chen, Y.-L. Lee

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2019.103205

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The subsurface nutrient pumping through the eutrophic base may intensify following the entry into the winter season. Thus, the discrete contents and inventories of nutrients and Chl a in the euphotic zone were considerably higher in winter than in summer in the NSCS, excluding the coastal and shelf zones reported in our previous studies (Hung et al, 2007(Hung et al, , 2020W. Chen et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2014) and in the current experiments.…”

Section: Regulation Of Active C N and P Fluxes In The Nscssupporting

confidence: 44%

“…to undergo stratification and experience restricted nutrient availability in summer; however, in winter surface stratification was eroded and nutrient availability increased, leading to enhanced primary productivity and new production (Figs. 2 and 4; Chen, 2005; Y.-L. Chen et al, , 2014Dai et al, 2013;Zhai et al, 2013;Hung et al, 2020). By combining the previous and current measurements, particularly our coauthor's (Yuh-ling Lee Chen) new production data, we found a striking relationship (r = 0.8502, p < 0.02) between integrated new productions and vertical POC fluxes through a depth of 100 m (Fig.…”

Section: Controlling Mechanisms Of Passive Fluxes Of C N and Pmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The oceanographic conditions in the coast-excluded NSCS domains were likely dominated by monsoon-mediated surface circulation and Kuroshio intrusion (Chen et al, 2005;Dai et al, 2013;Hung et al, 2007Hung et al, , 2020Liu et al, 2002;Zhai et al, 2005Zhai et al, , 2013. In general, a strong northeast monsoon prevails between November and April, and a weak southwest monsoon prevails between June and September, leading to a basin-wide cyclonic circulation being dominant in winter and an anticyclonic circulation being dominant in summer (Shaw and Chao, 1994;Liu et al, 2002;Wong et al, 2007).…”

Section: Hydrographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NSCS experiences contrasting atmospheric and oceanic forcings between the winter and summer, including most of the time during spring and fall (Liu et al, 2002;Hung et al, 2020). In general, the upper-ocean stratification progressed from spring to summer (SI, 0.025-0.04 kg m −4 ) with an increase in temperature and weak southwesterly monsoon winds, after which the stratification began to erode from fall to winter (SI, < 0.01 kg m −4 ) due to surface-water cooling and the prevailing northeasterly monsoon winds.…”

Section: Regulation Of Active C N and P Fluxes In The Nscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea

et al. 2021

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Abstract. This paper presents the measured active and passive fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their response to seasonal and event-driven oceanographic changes in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The total vertical flux of carbon (TFC) is defined as the sum of active and passive fluxes of biogenic carbon in the surface layer, which may be considered as the central part of marine carbon cycle. These active and passive fluxes of N and P were also considered to understand stoichiometric flux patterns and the roles of nutrients involved in the TFC. The magnitudes of total C, N, and P fluxes were, respectively, estimated to be 71.9–347 (mean ± SD, 163 ± 70) mgCm-2d-1, 13.0–30.5 (21.2.± 4.9) mgNm-2d-1, and 1.02–2.97 (1.94 ± 0.44) mgPm-2d-1, which were higher than most previously reported vertical fluxes in open oceans, likely because a quarter of the fluxes was contributed from active fluxes that were unaccounted for in vertical fluxes previously. Moreover, the passive fluxes dominated the total vertical fluxes and were estimated to be 65.3–255 (125 ± 64.9) mgCm-2d-1 (77 ± 52 % of total C flux), 11.9–23.2 (17.6 ± 4.2) mgNm-2d-1 (83 ± 28 % of total N flux), and 0.89–1.98 (1.44 ± 0.33) mgPm-2d-1 (74 ± 24 % of total P flux). Vertical fluxes of dissolved organic C, N, and P were small (< 5 %) relative to passive fluxes. The contrasting patterns of active and passive fluxes found between summer and winter could mainly be attributed to surface warming and stratification in summer and cooling and wind-induced turbulence for pumping nutrients into the euphotic zone in winter. In addition to seasonal variations, the impact of anticyclonic eddies and internal-wave events on enhancing active and passive fluxes was apparent in the NSCS. Both active and passive fluxes were likely driven by nutrient availability within the euphotic zone, which was ultimately controlled by the changes in internal and external forcings. The nutrient availability also determined the inventory of chlorophyll a and new production, thereby allowing the estimates of active and passive fluxes for unmeasured events. To a first approximation, the South China Sea (SCS) may effectively transfer 0.208 ± 0.089 Gt C yr−1 into the ocean's interior, accounting for approximately 1.89 ± 0.81 % of the global C flux. The internal forcing and climatic conditions are likely critical factors in determining the seasonal and event-driven variability of total vertical fluxes in the NSCS.

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Section: Regulation Of Active C N and P Fluxes In The Nscssupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Controlling Mechanisms Of Passive Fluxes Of C N and Pmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Hydrographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Active C N and P Fluxes In The Nscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…The oceanographic conditions in the coast-excluded NSCS domains were likely dominated by monsoon-mediated surface circulation and Kuroshio intrusion (Chen et al, 2005;Dai et al, 2013;Hung et al, 2007Hung et al, , 2020Liu et al, 2002;Zhai et al, 2005Zhai et al, , 2013. In general, a strong northeast monsoon prevails between November and April and a weak southwest monsoon prevails between June and September leading to a basin-wide cyclonic circulation being dominant in winter and an anticyclonic circulation being dominant in summer (Shaw and Chao, 1994;Liu et al, 2002;Wong et al, 2007).…”

Section: Hydrographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological pumps of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea

Hung¹,

Tung²,

Lin³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper presents the measured biological pumps (BPs) of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their response to seasonal and event-driven oceanographic changes in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The BP is defined as the sum of active and passive fluxes of biogenic carbon in the surface layer, which may be considered as the central part of marine carbon cycle. These active and passive fluxes of N and P were also considered to understand stoichiometric flux patterns and the roles of nutrients involved in the BP. The magnitudes of total C, N, and P fluxes were respectively estimated to be 71.9–347 (mean: 163) mg C m−2 d−1, 13.0–30.5 (mean: 21.6) mg N m−2 d−1, and 1.02–2.97 (mean: 1.94) mg P m−2 d−1, which were higher than most previously reported BPs in open oceans, likely because a quarter of the BPs was contributed from active fluxes that were unaccounted for in BPs previously. Moreover, the passive fluxes dominated the BPs and were estimated as 65.3–255 (mean: 125) mg C m−2 d−1 (76.7 % of total C flux), 11.9–23.2 (mean: 17.6) mg N m−2 d−1 (83.0 % of total N flux), and 0.89–1.98 (mean: 1.44) mg P m−2 d−1 (74.2 % of total P flux). Vertical fluxes of dissolved organic C, N, and P generally contributed to less than 5 % of passive fluxes. The contrasting patterns of active and passive fluxes found between summer and winter could mainly be attributed to surface warming and stratification in summer and cooling and wind-induced turbulence for pumping nutrients into the euphotic zone in winter. In addition to seasonal variations, the impacts of anticyclonic eddies and internal-wave events on BP enhancement was apparent in the NSCS. Both active and passive fluxes were likely driven by nutrient availability within the euphotic zone, which was ultimately controlled by the changes in internal and external forcings. The nutrient availability also determined the inventory of chlorophyll a and new production, thereby allowing the prediction of active and passive fluxes for unmeasured events. To a first approximation, the SCS may effectively transfer 0.208 Gt C yr−1 into the ocean's interior, accounting for approximately 1.89 % of the global C flux. The internal forcing and climatic conditions are likely critical factors in determining the seasonal and event-driven variability of BP in the NSCS.

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Food Webs and Carbon Fluxes

2021

Tropical Marine Ecology

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Controlling mechanisms and cross linkages of ecosystem metabolism and atmospheric CO2 flux in the northern South China Sea

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea

Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea

Biological pumps of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea

Food Webs and Carbon Fluxes

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