3 Cf. the very last sentence of the Lucianic Onos (56), where the narrator notes that the gods had saved him "not from a dog's butt, as the saying goes, but from an ass's curiosity (οὐκ ἐκ κυνὸς πρωκτοῦ, τὸ δὴ τοῦ λόγου, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὄνου περιεργίας)." In both the Onos and the Met., the narrator claims that his asinine curiosity was the source of an ancient proverb (Onos 45: ἐξ ὄνου παρακύψεως, "all because of a peeping ass"; Met. 9.42.4: de prospectu et umbra asini, "about the peeping ass and his shadow"); the latter is actually a combination of two proverbs, on which see Hijmans, van der Paardt, et al. (1995) ad loc. 4 On the association of the donkey with carnal pleasures in antiquity, see Griffith (2006) 224 and 7. The earliest reference to the ass in classical literature, a simile at Hom. Il. 11.558-62, describes a donkey defying the efforts of his young overseers to enjoy some grain he is not supposed to be eating; see Gregory (2007) 200-2. Semonides' portrait of the ass-wife (fr. 7, 43-49) also emphasizes her hunger and her lust; see Gregory (2007) 203-5.