Controlling droplet distribution using thermoelectric magnetic forces during bulk solidification processing of a Zn–6 wt.%Bi immiscible alloy

Morphology transition of eutectic carbide assisted by thermoelectric magnetic force during the directional solidification of M2 high-speed steel

“…The angle increases with the increase of MFD. Previous studies [18][19][20][21][22] indicate that these results are attributed to the TEMC which is induced by the TEMF during the directional solidification process. Solute elements migrated to one side of the sample in favour of the TEMF and lead to the macro/ microstructure modification.…”

“…Wight et al [15][16][17] reported that powder metallurgy was an efficient way to improve the microstructures of M2 high-speed steel. Besides, previous studies [18,19] show that the movement of the solute elements can be effectively controlled by applying a proper transverse static magnetic field (TSMF) during the directional and even bulk solidification processes. As a result, the morphologies of solidified microstructures for binary Al-Cu [18], Al-Si [20] and Zn-Bi [19] alloys were modified.…”

“…Besides, previous studies [18,19] show that the movement of the solute elements can be effectively controlled by applying a proper transverse static magnetic field (TSMF) during the directional and even bulk solidification processes. As a result, the morphologies of solidified microstructures for binary Al-Cu [18], Al-Si [20] and Zn-Bi [19] alloys were modified. These are attributed to the formation of thermoelectric magnetic convection (TEMC) which was induced by the thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF).…”

Solidification of Immiscible Alloys under High Magnetic Field: A Review

“…Moreover, it has been known for a long time that F TEMF can significantly inhibit convection in the alloy melt and alter the phase migration behavior during the solidification process, thus obviously inhibiting segregation of the phase in the immiscible alloy and obtaining a more uniform microstructure [75][76][77]. Zhong et al [78] studied the effect of F TEMF on the mass transfer during solidification of the Zn-6wt.%Bi immiscible alloys under the action of a weak transverse magnetic field, which changed the segregation behavior of the Bi-rich phase. For the longitudinal macrostructure of alloys solidified without HMF, the segregation degree of the Bi-rich phase in the bottom left side and the bottom right side of the sample was basically the same.…”

“…Al-Pb alloy Pb-rich phase Migration damping [79,80] Al-In alloy In-rich phase Segregation damping, alignment [65] Al-Ni alloy Al 3 Ni phase Segregation, alignment, rotation [77] Al-Bi alloy Bi-rich phase Segregation damping [109] In-Sn alloy Sn-rich phase Diffusion damping [58,59] Cu-Pb alloy Pb-rich phase Segregation damping [64] Cu-Co alloy Co-rich phase Magnetization energy, segregation damping [37,84] Bi-Zn alloy Bi-rich phase Segregation damping, alignment [78,99] Mn-Bi alloy Mn-Bi phase Alignment, segregation [91] Bi-Mn alloy Mn crystal Segregation, interaction, alignment [93] Fe-Si alloy α-Fe crystal Orientation, alignment [98] Fe-Sn alloy Fe-rich phase Orientation, alignment [102]…”