Controlling conductivity of carbon film for L-929 cell biocompatibility using magnetron sputtering plasmas

Kim, Sung Il; Sahu, Bibhuti Bhusan; Kim, Si Eun; Ali, Anser; Choi, Eun Ha; Han, Jeon G.

doi:10.1039/c4tb01397b

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…9b), with the highest cell proliferation being detected on the extensively oxidized, and thus more hydrophilic, GO samples (O/C atomic ratios $0.40-0.45) and the lowest proliferation occurring on the less oxidized and hence more hydrophobic graphenes (e.g., the sample derived from graphite powder). However, factors other than oxygen content/hydrophilicity are also thought to play a role in the promotion of L-929 cell growth on carbon substrates, in particular their electrical conductivity (more conductive substrates allowing for higher proliferation of L-929 cells) [78]. Thus, the fact that the anodically exfoliated graphenes afforded highly conductive films while GO is an electrical insulator could help to explain why cell proliferation on the former eventually caught up with that on GO films after a 7 day period.…”

Section: Biocompatibility Of Anodically Exfoliated Graphene Films Towmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, we carried out a preliminary biocompatibility assessment for thin films of several of the graphene samples prepared in this work towards the murine fibroblast cell line L-929. This cell line is commonly employed in the cytotoxicity screening of prospective biomaterials [71], and has already been tested on a number of graphene-based and other carbon substrates [72][73][74][75][76][77][78]. The biocompatibility tests were accomplished on thin graphene films deposited from their corresponding FMN-stabilized aqueous dispersions onto polystyrene culture plates.…”

Section: Biocompatibility Of Anodically Exfoliated Graphene Films Towmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High quality, low oxygen content and biocompatible graphene nanosheets obtained by anodic exfoliation of different graphite types

Munuera

Paredes

Villar–Rodil

et al. 2015

Carbon

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a b s t r a c tAnodic exfoliation of graphite has emerged as an attractive method to access graphene nanosheets in large quantities, but oxidation reactions associated to this process compromise the structural quality of the resulting materials. Here, we demonstrate that the type of starting graphite material impacts the oxygen and defect content of anodically exfoliated graphenes obtained thereof. We investigated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as well as graphite foil, flakes and powder as electrode in the anodic process. Importantly, materials with low levels of oxidation and disorder (similar to those typically achieved with cathodic exfoliation approaches) could be attained through proper choice of the graphite electrode. Specifically, using graphite foil afforded nanosheets of higher quality than that of HOPG-derived nanosheets. This discrepancy was interpreted to arise from the structural peculiarities of the former, where the presence of folds, voids and wrinkles would make its exfoliation process to be less reliant on oxidation reactions. Furthermore, cell viability tests carried out with murine fibroblasts on thin graphene films suggested that the anodically exfoliated graphenes investigated here (possessing low or high oxidation levels) are highly biocompatible. Overall, control upon the extent of oxidation and disorder should expand the scope of anodically exfoliated graphenes in prospective applications.

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Section: Biocompatibility Of Anodically Exfoliated Graphene Films Towmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biocompatibility Of Anodically Exfoliated Graphene Films Towmentioning

confidence: 99%

High quality, low oxygen content and biocompatible graphene nanosheets obtained by anodic exfoliation of different graphite types

Munuera

Paredes

Villar–Rodil

et al. 2015

Carbon

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“…Carbon based electrodes have been extensively used in electrochemical analysis due to their wide potential window, low background current and the large extent to which their structure and surface chemistry can be modified. Carbon films deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) have recently attracted attention because their structure, such as sp 2 /sp 3 ratio and crystallinity, can be extensively modified by varying for example ion irradiation energy, bias voltage or substrate temperature [1,2]. In addition, reactive gases such as nitrogen [3], oxygen [4,5] or hydrogen [6] can be introduced in the deposition chamber during sputtering to dope and modify the carbon films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Oxygenated Amorphous Carbon (a-C) Films

Palomäki

Johansson

Laitinen

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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Amorphous carbon (a-C) films with varying oxygen content were deposited by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering with the aim to understand the effect of oxygen on the structural and physical properties of the films and subsequently correlate these changes with electrochemical properties. The a-C films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, helium ion microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. The electrochemical properties were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry with several redox systems (Ru(NH 3) 6 2+/3+ , Fe(CN) 6 3-/4-, dopamine and ascorbic acid). The results indicated that the carbon films are amorphous with an I D /I G ratio near 2.6. The oxygen content of the films seemed to saturate at around 11 at. %, whereas the amount of surface oxygen functional groups increased steadily with increasing oxygen inflow during deposition. O/C ratio increased from 0.09 to 0.19. A significant increase in film resistivity was observed with increasing oxygen content. Lightly oxygenated a-C films showed a low charge transfer resistance (R ct) and reversible electron transfer for Ru(NH 3) 6 2+/3+ whereas both R ct and ΔE p increased considerably for heavily oxygenated films. The inner sphere redox systems were significantly affected by the surface oxygen functional groups with dopamine and ascorbic acid showing a linear increase in ΔE p and E pa , respectively, with increasing oxygen content. Fe(CN) 6 3-/4did not show a clear trend but was still clearly affected by the increase in oxygen content. The double layer capacitance was about 1 µF/cm 2 for all the oxygenated a-C films.

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“…In ternary phase diagram for amorphous carbon-hydrogen system, nanocarbon is located on the line between sp 2 and sp 3 , roughly the same region as ta-C. [6] Depending on the ratio of sp 3 and sp 2 regions, material properties (like electrical conductivity from semiconducting to insulating) can be varied [7,8]. Such a biocompatible material with a good electrical conductivity is an ideal material for electrodes, which are meant for biosignal measurements in a non-invasive manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma etched carbon microelectrode arrays for bioelectrical measurements

Heikkinen¹,

Kaarela

Ludwig

et al. 2018

Diamond and Related Materials

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Carbon-based materials have attracted much attention in biological applications like interfacing electrodes with neurons and cell growth platforms due to their natural biocompatibility and tailorable material properties. Here we have fabricated sputtered carbon thin film electrodes for bioelectrical measurements. Reactive ion etching (RIE) recipes were optimized with Taguchi method to etch the close field unbalanced magnetron sputtered carbon thin film (nanocarbon, nC) consisting of nanoscale crystalline sp 2-domains in amorphous sp 3-bonded backbone. Plasma etching processes used gas mixtures of Ar/O 2 /SF 6 /CHF 3 for RIE and O 2 /SF 6 for ICP-RIE. The highest achieved etch rate for nanocarbon was 389 nm/min and best chromium etch mask selectivity was 135:1. Biocompatibility of the material was tested with rat neuronal cultures. Next, we fabricated multielectrode arrays (MEA) with carbon recording electrodes and metal wiring. Organotypic brain slices grown on the MEAs were viable and showed characteristic spontaneous electrical network activity. The results demonstrate that interactions with nanocarbon substrate support neuronal survival and maturation of functional neuronal networks. Thus the material can have wide applications in biomedical research.

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Controlling conductivity of carbon film for L-929 cell biocompatibility using magnetron sputtering plasmas

Abstract: The effectiveness of conductive carbon films for cell adhesion and growth was demonstrated.

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

High quality, low oxygen content and biocompatible graphene nanosheets obtained by anodic exfoliation of different graphite types

High quality, low oxygen content and biocompatible graphene nanosheets obtained by anodic exfoliation of different graphite types

Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Oxygenated Amorphous Carbon (a-C) Films

Plasma etched carbon microelectrode arrays for bioelectrical measurements

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