Controlled synthesis of tunable nanoporous carbons for gas storage and supercapacitor application

Jayaramulu, Kolleboyina; Datta, K. K. R.; Shiva, Konda; Bhattacharyya, Aninda J.; Eswaramoorthy, M.; Maji, Tapas Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.12.008

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…at elevated temperatures. 12,13 In order to boost the charge storage capacity further, incorporation of pseudocapacitive materials such as metal oxides and electrochemically redox active materials have been thought to be an alternative pathway to store extra charge by virtue of surface redox reactions. 4,14−18 Electrochemically active organic molecules such as quinones, anthraquinones, etc.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant attention was also provided toward generation of AC materials by activating metal–organic frameworks, polymers, etc. at elevated temperatures. , In order to boost the charge storage capacity further, incorporation of pseudocapacitive materials such as metal oxides and electrochemically redox active materials have been thought to be an alternative pathway to store extra charge by virtue of surface redox reactions. ,− Electrochemically active organic molecules such as quinones, anthraquinones, etc. have been utilized as redox additives in the supporting electrolyte or for the preparation of redox responsive composite electrodes due to their scalability, cost effectiveness, and benignity. ,− Among various organic redox molecules, hydroquinone (H 2 Q) is the tiniest redox probe that can inject two electrons within a very narrow potential window utilizing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET)(2H + /2e – ). , Moreover, due to (2H + /2e – ) PCET, it also avoids generation of highly reactive radical species during oxidation and can more easily penetrate through narrow micropores than other redox molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immense Microporous Carbon@Hydroquinone Metamorphosed from Nonporous Carbon As a Supercapacitor with Remarkable Energy Density and Cyclic Stability

Singh

Paul

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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We report transformation of a cost-effective nonporous carbon (NC) to an immense microporous carbon (IMC) employing a simple chemical activation route at 750 °C. N 2 adsorption/desorption experiments revealed a remarkable increase in BET surface area (80−3030 m 2 g −1 ) for successor nanomaterial (IMC) in comparison to precursor nanomaterial (NC) presumably due to enhanced accessibility of reaction surface area on carbon material for oxidants to react. In consequence, 250 times specific capacitance enhancement (2.5−605 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 current density) was observed in 2 M H 2 SO 4 using a three-electrode configuration. Further, a massive specific capacitance of 1177 F g −1 with a remarkable energy density of 163 Wh kg −1 has been achieved by addition of hydroquinone in electrolyte with IMC (IMC@H 2 Q) employing a two-electrode configuration. Notably, a simple electrode potential dependent chemical reversibility for hydroquinone redox chemistry in the long term cyclic experiment (95% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) has been demonstrated wherein a strong electric field helped to avoid agglomeration of hydroquinone molecules inside the nanomaterial while hydrogen bond formation in IMC@H 2 Q prevented chemical decomposition of benzoquinone and thus also provided efficient routes for electron/proton transport eluding annihilation of charge carriers.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immense Microporous Carbon@Hydroquinone Metamorphosed from Nonporous Carbon As a Supercapacitor with Remarkable Energy Density and Cyclic Stability

Singh

Paul

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…As calculated from the discharge time, the C m values of the NNCM-1.5, NNCM-1.0, NNCM-0.5, and NNCM-0.3 are 107, 147, 170, and 190 F g –1 , respectively. These values are in the medium range among the reported studies (for NC-based electrodes, a C m of 50–350 F g –1 is usually obtained). − Nevertheless, taking into account their relatively low S BET , a much higher C S of ca. 30 μF cm –2 (Table ) is obtained for most NNCMs compared to that of most NC-based electrodes (<20 μF cm –2 ). − Undoubtedly, a high C S indicates a high surface area utilization, which is a necessary requirement for achieving a high C V .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…These values are in the medium range among the reported studies (for NC-based electrodes, a C m of 50–350 F g –1 is usually obtained). − Nevertheless, taking into account their relatively low S BET , a much higher C S of ca. 30 μF cm –2 (Table ) is obtained for most NNCMs compared to that of most NC-based electrodes (<20 μF cm –2 ). − Undoubtedly, a high C S indicates a high surface area utilization, which is a necessary requirement for achieving a high C V . This can be ascribed to not only the aforementioned excellent mass transfer capability derived from the 3D continuous mesopore structure, but the extra pseudo-capacitance provided by NFGs on the carbon framework. ,, XPS spectra and EA results in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information and Table reveal that all of the NNCM samples present a nitrogen proportion of 5.1–6.5 wt %, benefiting from the high nitrogen content of PAN and the corresponding in situ growth of NFGs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbons for Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Specific Volumetric Capacitance

Yang

Zhang

2017

Langmuir

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To pursue the miniaturization of supercapacitors in practical use, it is critical to construct an efficient but limited porosity of a nanocarbon-based electrode for simultaneously obtaining a high utilization of energy storage places and high coating density. However, current studies dominantly focus on the enhancement of specific mass capacitance (C) by increasing the pore volume and surface area, leading to a low coating density and, thereby, resulting in a low specific volumetric capacitance (C). We report herein the fabrication of a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NNCM), whose tunable pore volume coupled with the fixed mesopore size offers us the possibility to control the coating density, thus optimizing the C and C for different application purposes. As a result, NNCM with the highest pore volume and surface area of 2.11 cm g and 663 m g demonstrates the highest C (190 F g) but lowest C (124 F cm) because the overhigh porosity reduces the coating density greatly. NNCM with moderate pore volume and surface area of 1.22 cm g and 489 m g shows the highest C of 200 F cm, although it presents a low C of 147 F g. These results may raise concerns about constructing a suitable porosity to realize a target-oriented use, particularly those targeting miniaturized devices.

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“…These highly porous materials including metal organic frameworks, , porous silica, zeolites, , and carbon-based porous materials , have gone through significant development in the past few decades. Especially, carbon-based porous materials have attracted wide interest in many important fields, such as catalyst support, water purification, − energy storage, − and gas adsorption, , due to their excellent electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, good chemical stability, and low cost. Carbon-based porous materials have been widely investigated as gas adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture and hydrogen storage. − For example, Kemp et al indicated that a porous nitrogen-doped graphene material obtained from chemical activation of a reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline composite displayed excellent adsorption performance for carbon dioxide (25.5 wt % at 273 K and 1.0 bar) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoribbons for High-Performance Gas Adsorbents and Lithium Ion Batteries

Yang

Sui

Liu

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, we reported a novel and facile method for the fabrication of highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanoribbons (NCNs) by using KOH as an activating agent and polypyrrole nanoribbons as carbon and nitrogen precursors. The as-prepared NCNs exhibited an ultrahigh specific surface area (2230 m 2 g −1 ), large pore volume (1.2 cm 3 g −1 ), high nitrogen content (8.4 at %), and excellent thermal stability. Given the above features, the NCNs as gas adsorbents possessed a high uptake capacity for carbon dioxide (24.5 wt %) and methane (3.0 wt %) at 1.0 bar and 273 K. Furthermore, the NCNs as anode materials for lithium ion batteries delivered a high reversible capacity, good rate capacity, and excellent cycling performance due to the combined advantages of the high accessible porosity and enhanced electrochemical activity of doped nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the highly porous NCNs may hold promise in the fields of energy and environment.

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Controlled synthesis of tunable nanoporous carbons for gas storage and supercapacitor application

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Immense Microporous Carbon@Hydroquinone Metamorphosed from Nonporous Carbon As a Supercapacitor with Remarkable Energy Density and Cyclic Stability

Immense Microporous Carbon@Hydroquinone Metamorphosed from Nonporous Carbon As a Supercapacitor with Remarkable Energy Density and Cyclic Stability

Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbons for Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Specific Volumetric Capacitance

Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoribbons for High-Performance Gas Adsorbents and Lithium Ion Batteries

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