Controlled synthesis of soluble conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for fluorescence detection

Abstract

Highly fluorescent soluble conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) were synthesized through Suzukitype polycondensation in confined nanoreactors, resulted in well-controlled particle sizes and uniform particle-size distributions. The SCPNs showed a wide range of the fluorescence emission maximum from 380 nm to 525 nm. They were surface-functionalized with boronic acid groups, obtained the corresponding BA-SCPNs, and further applied to the detection of two physiologically important species glucose and Fe 3+ based on their interactions with boronic acid groups. The fluorescence quenching efficiency reached up to 32.1% and 92.4% for glucose and Fe 3+, respectively. Among these fluorescent probes, BA-SCPN 3 exhibited enhanced glucose sensitivity compared with fructose, which might own to the formation of 1 : 1 cyclic complexes with biboronic acid derivatives. Meanwhile, BA-SCPN 3 also showed superior Fe 3+ selectivity compared with other metal ions probably due to the formation of metal hydroxides between Fe 3+ and the abundant hydroxyl groups in the boronic acid.

Synthesis of Conjugated Microporous Polymers through Cationic Cyclization Polymerization

“…Tetrahydrofuran (THF), N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF), triethylamine (Et3N), and diphenyl ether were dried before use. 1,3,5-Tris­(4-iodophenyl)­benzene, 2,2′,7,7′-tetraiodo-9,9′-spirobi­[fluorene], and 1-ethynyl-2-(2-phenylethynyl)­benzene ( 1c ) were prepared according to literature procedures with minor modifications. − Other chemical reagents were of commercial grade and used as received.…”

Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Based Fluorescent Electronic Nose for the Identification of Volatile Compounds

“…Thirty-six sorts of SCPNs with similar particle size (∼4 nm, Table S1) are facilely obtained through Suzuki or direct (thiophene) arylation polycondensations plus a postmodification with terminals (A ( x ) +B ( y ) +T (z) , Figure ) in confined nanoreactors, according to our recently published work. ,, The synthesis details and fundamental characterization of the SCPN sensors are provided in Supporting Information (Figures S1–S3). These SCPNs are incorporated with different skeletons (phenyl, spirobifluorene, triphenylamine, 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethene, pyrene, and 3,4-disubstituted thiophene) and terminals (phenylboronic acid, anthracene, naphthalene, methyl benzoate, and benzophenone) to tune fluorescence emission, LUMO energy level, and even end group polarity of SCPNs, essential for cross-responsive sensing in an array-based technique.…”

“…Other 5 SCPN (x1) members (x = 2−6) were prepared in a similar manner. 42,45 General Procedure for the Preparation of the SCPNs through Direct (Thiophene) Arylation Polycondensations. Preparation of SCPN (53) : Tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)ethene (A (5) , 96.6 mg, 0.15 mmol), Pd@SS-CNMs (10 mg, 1.5 × 10 −3 mmol of Pd), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride hydrate (663 mg, 2.1 mmol) were successively added to a 10 mL sealed tube and vacuum-dried at room temperature for 30 min.…”

Novel NBN-Embedded Polymers and Their Application as Fluorescent Probes in Fe3+ and Cr3+ Detection

“…Fluorescence sensors are often used in trace heavy metal ion sensing tools because of their convenient, rapid, and sensitive analysis [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Fluorescent probes can interact with metal ions through effects such as complexation and metal-driven chemical reactions, and at the same time, their fluorescence properties will also change, thereby achieving the effect of detecting metal ions [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For example, in 2019, Safarifard et al [ 17 ].…”