Controlled synthesis of efficient NiWS active phases derived from lacunary polyoxometalate and the application in hydrodesulfurization

Synthesis of Lamellar Structural Flower-like SAPO-11 Molecular Sieves with Hierarchical Pores for Enhanced Selectivity of Isomeric Alkanes in Hydroisomerization

“…The Ni 2p XPS spectra and deconvolution results for the examined Cat- x B series catalysts are shown in Figure . The W 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 doublets with binding energies of 32.2 and 34.3 eV are allocated to W 4+ in WS 2 , while the 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 levels of the intermediate oxidation state WO x S y (W 5+ ) have binding energies of 33.5 and 35.5 eV. , The 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 levels of WO 3 (W 6+ ) have binding energies of 36 and 38.1 eV, respectively . We offer deconvolution data on the sulfidation of Ni and W species under various support morphologies in Table to better understand the impacts of support morphology on the sulfidation of Ni and Mo species.…”

“…With the formation of a lamellar structure, the average stacking number of WS 2 slabs increases, but their average length decreases. Due to Ni atoms being pinned to the edges of the WS 2 nuclei, their further growth is hindered during the sulfuration process, resulting in the difference in WS 2 slab lengths . Because of the low MSI of the lamellar structure catalysts, more Ni atoms were doped into the WS 2 slabs (proven by the XPS results), resulting in a decrease in the periodicity of the W species and a shorter slab length of WS 2 slabs.…”

“…Table 4 shows that the average length of WS 2 slabs on the spherical SAPO-11 support is 5.02 nm, which is longer than the average length of WS 2 slabs on the lamellar structured SAPO-11 support WS 2 nuclei, their further growth is hindered during the sulfuration process, resulting in the difference in WS 2 slab lengths. 62 Because of the low MSI of the lamellar structure catalysts, more Ni atoms were doped into the WS 2 slabs (proven by the XPS results), resulting in a decrease in the periodicity of the W species and a shorter slab length of WS 2 slabs. The WS 2 hexagonal crystallites decorated with Ni atoms on the edges are the active phase of NiWS catalysts.…”

“…66,67 The 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 levels of WO 3 (W 6+ ) have binding energies of 36 and 38.1 eV, respectively. 62 We offer deconvolution data on the sulfidation of Ni and W species under various support morphologies in Table 5 to better understand the impacts of support morphology on the sulfidation of Ni and Mo species. According to the decomposition results based on the XPS profile, the sulfided W species (W 4+ percentage) on the spherical catalyst (Cat-0B) is the lowest at 53.0%, indicating that the W species on the spherical catalyst are more difficult to reduce.…”

3D Printing Technique Fortifies the Ultradeep Hydrodesulfurization Process of Diesel: A Journey of NiMo/Al2O3-MMT

“…To date, Ni­(Co)­Mo­(W)/γ-Al 2 O 3 has continued to be the prevailing choice for commercial HDS applications due to its unparalleled mechanical properties, exceptional stability, and relatively high HDS activity. − With the increasing strict specifications of diesel quality and the transformation of petroleum to fine chemical products, nonetheless, to achieve the effective elimination of refractory sulfur-containing compounds, particularly 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), and produce ultraclean diesel from inferior feedstocks, the Ni­(Co)­Mo­(W)/γ-Al 2 O 3 require more stringent conditions, including high H 2 pressure and operating temperatures. − Consequently, the oil refining industry considers designing and developing more efficient catalysts with ultradeep HDS capabilities as the feasible and practical option. Up to now, there has been mainly three strategies, involving reaction condition adjustment, − active phase modulation, − and support regulation, − established to improve the HDS activities of commercial HDS catalysts. Therein, the latter two are regarded as effective protocols to notably enhance the HDS performances of Ni­(Co)­Mo­(W)/γ-Al 2 O 3 .…”