Controlled-size nanocapsules

Dravid, Vinayak P.; Host, J. J.; Teng, Mao‐Hua; Hwang, Brian Elliott Jinha; Johnson, D. Lynn; Mason, Thomas O.; Weertman, J.

doi:10.1038/374602a0

Cited by 251 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Following their discovery 1 , carbon nanotubes have attracted interest not only for their unusual electrical and mechanical properties, but also because their hollow interior can serve as a nanometre-sized capillary 2,3,4,5,6,7 , mould 8,9,10,11 or template 12,13,14 in material fabrication. The ability to encapsulate a material in a nanotube also offers new possibilities for investigating dimensionally confined phase transitions 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of ordered ice nanotubes inside carbon nanotubes

Koga

Gao

Tanaka

et al. 2001

Nature

1,055

914

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of ordered ice nanotubes inside carbon nanotubes

Koga

Gao

Tanaka

et al. 2001

Nature

1,055

914

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“…Although core/shell iron/ carbon nanoparticles could be produced as a minor product in many processes, such as, gas phase electrical arcing of graphite electrodes, [9][10][11][12][13][14] it is still lack of an efficient process to produce these core/shell nanostructures as major products and in pure form without the co-existence of carbon nanotubes. Applications of core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles are largely hampered by the availability of these nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Arcing Induced Formation and Growth Mechanisms of Core/Shell Metal/Carbon Nanoparticles in Organic Solutions

Hsin

Lin

Liang

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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Well‐graphitized core/shell iron/carbon nanoparticles (Fe@CNPs) were formed in toluene solutions containing Fe(CO)5‐C60/70 via an novel microwave arcing process. High temperature γ‐Fe phase was found to be stable at room temperature when encapsulated inside graphene shells. In the absence of C60/70, the structures of graphene shells are poor. Pre‐synthesized Co nanoparticles were used as templates for the growth of graphene shells in toluene‐C60/70 solutions. Via acid etching and removal of the central core Co nanoparticles, hollow carbon nanoparticles could be obtained. Further thermal annealing by focused microwave irradiation leads to merging of small core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles into large ones, as well as conversion of body centered cubic (bcc) α‐Fe to face centered cubic (fcc) γ‐Fe. The possible growth mechanisms of core/shell metal/carbon nanoparticles were discussed.

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“…Fullerene shells on metal nanoparticles (magnetic Ni, Fe, Co and their alloys, as well as Cu, Al, La, Au, Ag, etc.) generally limit oxidation [7], improve stability in air and corrosive liquids [8], provide biocompatibility and open applications such as medical imaging [9], targeted drug delivery [10][11][12][13]. In addition, fullerene shells can protect nanoparticles against agglomeration-thus maintaining their size distribution during processing [14] and preserving their strongly size-dependent properties [15]and enhance the magnetic properties of nanoparticle arrays by reducing magnetic interparticle interactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant carbon solubility in Au nanoparticles

Sutter

2011

J Mater Sci

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Variable temperature transmission electron microscopy of individual 5 nm Au nanoparticles shows a striking increase in the particle size on raising the temperature from room temperature to 500°C in the presence of carbon from amorphous carbon support. Using the assembly of ordered graphene shells on the surface of individual nanoparticles at elevated temperatures-and the high pressures induced by such shells-as an experimental tool to study the origins of this swelling, we find that the volume increase is associated with the uptake of carbon to concentrations exceeding the bulk solubility by more than four orders of magnitude. The formation of stable metalcarbon nanostructures that have no bulk equivalent may have important implications on the functional properties of metal nanoparticles.The interaction of carbon with transition metals is key to processes for synthesizing the known sp 2 bonded carbon allotropes-fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene-all of which are materials showing extraordinary properties and enormous potential for applications.Graphene, a planar two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of sp 2 bonded carbon atoms [1] Typically, transition metals catalytically dissociate hydrocarbons at their surfaces to set free carbon adatoms, which can be absorbed into the bulk at high temperature and segregate to the surface on subsequent cooling to form sp 2 -bonded structures. Planar graphene is synthesized by this process on bulk crystals or thin films of transition metals, such as Ru [16][17][18], Pt [19], Ir [20], and Ni [21], which can take up carbon into interstitial sites with solubilities up to a few atomic percent. Carbon nanostructures, such as fullerenes [22][23][24][25] are synthesized over transition metal (Fe, Ni, Co) nanoparticles, using the same steps of hydrocarbon dissociation, carbon intake into interstitial sites, and precipitation. It is generally assumed that the uptake of carbon in metal nanoparticles involves interstitial sites, similar to the bulk, but the stable concentrations (i.e., the carbon solubility) may be different at the nanoscale. The high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles has been predicted to cause a significant increase of the solubility [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, lattice relaxation in very small particles Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Controlled-size nanocapsules

Cited by 251 publications

References 9 publications

Formation of ordered ice nanotubes inside carbon nanotubes

Formation of ordered ice nanotubes inside carbon nanotubes

Microwave Arcing Induced Formation and Growth Mechanisms of Core/Shell Metal/Carbon Nanoparticles in Organic Solutions

Giant carbon solubility in Au nanoparticles

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