Controlled release of the insect repellent picaridin from electrospun nylon‐6,6 nanofibers

Abstract

Conventional insect repellent treatments for fibers, fabrics, and garments suffer from limited durability to repeated laundering and, depending on the insecticide, potential irritation, or toxicity. In this work, electrospinning was employed to control the composition of hierarchically structured functional microscale to nanoscale fibers for tunable insect repellent release by physically incorporating picaridin into nylon-6,6 nanofibers. The size and morphology of nylon fibers were unaffected by picaridin incorporation, even at loading concentrations up to 50 wt%. Picaridin release kinetics were largely dependent on loading concentration and temperature, as picaridin-nylon intermolecular interactions were minimal affording diffusion based release. Coaxial nanofibers, in which the sheath component has potential to protect additives in the core for more durable fabrics and act as a diffusion barrier for extended release applications, were also developed and demonstrated altered release kinetics compared to monofilament analogues, indicating the capability to further tune release behavior.

Crystallization-Induced Polymer Scaffold Formation in the Polymer/Drug Delivery System Poly(l-lactic acid)/Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate (PLLA/IR3535)

“…Mosquito-borne tropical infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika, or lymphatic filariasis, occur at the global scale and involve a wide range of viral and other pathogenic agents, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. − While effective routes for indoor vector control and personal protection of human beings in endangered areas are available, including, e.g., the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets or indoor residual spraying, − outdoor-vector control and protection still are underdeveloped. − The risk for mosquito bites and possible transmission of parasites/pathogens may be reduced by the use of wearable mosquito-repellent devices, able to generate a protective vapor barrier. − In addition to alternatives like repellent textiles or systems based on electrospun fibers, − development of long-lasting polymer-scaffold-based repellent delivery devices seems promising.…”

Novel Core/Shell Nylon 6,6/La-TMA MOF Electrospun Nanocomposite Membrane and CO2 Capture Assessments of the Membrane and Pure La-TMA MOF

“…Nevertheless, lanthanide-based MOFs, because of their rich coordination geometry, ability to form highly connected lattices, high stability, and other fascinating properties, have garnered particular interest. Currently, Ln-based MOFs, with − metallic clusters and highly connected topologies such as 20-connected uninodal clusters, are being studied. Ln-MOFs [Ln = Sm (MOF 1 )/Gd (MOF 2 )] of such 20-c metal–organic frameworks, with a type I isotherm and micropores, show 1.29 isotherm/g (for MOF 1 with BET surface area = 946.74 m 2 /g) and 1.87 mmol/g (for MOF 2 with BET surface area = 834.26 m 2 /g) CO 2 adsorption at 273 K and 1 atm …”

Incorporation of N,N,‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide within electrospun nylon‐6/6 nanofibers

“…Likewise, electrospinning is a popular way of encapsulating a given molecule within a polymer matrix which has been particularly effective for drug delivery using electrospun biomaterials 34–37 . Much like the controlled release of therapeutics, electrospinning has been used to fabricate fibers containing a variety of repellents/insecticides such as icaridin, and permethrin 38,39 . Additionally, DEET has been successfully incorporated into electrospun nanofibers made from a multicomponent, cyclodexrin‐based polymer which resulted in over 2 weeks of repellent release, 22 and from poly( l ‐lactic acid) 40 …”

“…[34][35][36][37] Much like the controlled release of therapeutics, electrospinning has been used to fabricate fibers containing a variety of repellents/insecticides such as icaridin, and permethrin. 38,39 Additionally, DEET has been successfully incorporated into electrospun nanofibers made from a multicomponent, cyclodexrin-based polymer which resulted in over 2 weeks of repellent release, 22 and from poly(L-lactic acid). 40 In order to develop an effective encapsulation strategy, the release rate, protection time, product stability, ease of processing, and cost of formulation all must be considered.…”