Controlled release and long-term antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine digluconate through the nanoporous network of microfibrillated cellulose

Abstract

The recent study focusing on paper coated with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) revealed the ability of such a structure to achieve a controlled release of molecules introduced into its nanoporous network. The present study examines this concept using a chlorhexidine digluconate-based (CHX) antibacterial solution. Various analyses were performed, optical microscopy, FE-SEM and AFM to underline the structure of the nanoporous MFC network. Release studies were conducted in an aqueous medium following two different protocols and antibacterial tests were done to evaluate the efficiency of the final materials obtained. MFC coating provided a slower and more progressive release of CHX. Indeed, papers impregnated with CHX were active for 18 days, whereas papers coated with CHX/MFC retained their antibacterial activity for 45 days. In parallel, similar tests were carried out using a model coating slurry, and although the rate of release of CHX was also slowed down, the quantities released were insufficient to confer any antibacterial activity. In conclusion, this study suggests that the use of MFC as a coating could be very promising since it allows a controlled and progressive release of molecules preserving long-term antibacterial activity.

Sustained release of VH and rhBMP-2 from nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon xerogels for osteomyelitis treatment and bone repair

“…The n-MZS xerogels with a pore size of 4 nm, a surface area of 718 cm 2 , and a pore volume of 1.24 cm 3 /g were synthesized by a sol-gel method. The results showed that the n-MZS xerogels with larger surface area and higher pore volume allowed sufficient loading of VH and rhBMP-2 within the nanoporous structure by a physical adsorption process.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] To date, some studies have reported the design of drug-delivery systems based on the nanoporous materials for loading therapeutic molecules, such as chemical drugs, peptides, and proteins. 7,8 As an effective vector-delivering therapeutic molecules, the nanoporous materials with the pore size of a few nanometers have high capacity to encapsulate large amounts of drugs/biomolecules.…”

Antibacterial paperboard packaging using microfibrillated cellulose

“…The preparation steps and the characterization methods of the MFC suspension are described in details in our previous study (Lavoine et al 2014c). More information can be found in the supporting material S1.…”

“…Based on our previous study dealing with the release of CHX introduced into the paper coating (Lavoine et al 2014c), CHX was coated onto the surface of paperboard using a microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)based coat.…”

Preparation of novel stable antibacterial nanoparticles using hydroxyethylcellulose and application in paper

“…The nanoparticles of silver (Martins et al, 2012;Youssef, Kamel, & El-Samahy, 2013), zinc oxide (Cheng et al, 2014;Khatri et al, 2014;Koga, Kitaoka, & Wariishi, 2009), copper (Dankovich & Smith, 2014), titanium dioxide (Luo & Huang, 2015), and copper oxide (Booshehri, Wang, & Xu, 2015), as well as antibacterial agent-loaded micro(nano)fibrillated cellulose (Lavoine, Desloges, Sillard, & Bras, 2014;Liu, Chen, Huang, Ni, & Sun, 2015) were incorporated into the surface coating or the matrix of the paper, rendering the paper with antimicrobial Scheme 1. The formation mechanism of PAA/PHMG/HEC nanoparticles.…”