Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

Yang, You-Feng; Duan, Lei; Qiu, Taorong; Xie, Xu-Ming

doi:10.1007/s10773-022-05138-2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Grover's algorithm provides an enormous speedup in finding the secret key with a complexity of O( √ N), in comparison to the famous classical algorithm with a complexity of O(2 N ). Many researchers adopted Grover's search algorithm to design cryptography protocols like QSS protocol, [32][33][34][35][36] quantum direct communication protocol (QDC), [37][38][39][40] quantum private comparison protocol, 41 quantum digital signature 42 quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols. [43][44][45] Grover's algorithm is essential in QSS by significantly enhancing the efficiency of searching for secret shares in distributed systems.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grover's algorithm provides an enormous speedup in finding the secret key with a complexity of

O\left(\sqrt{N}\right)

, in comparison to the famous classical algorithm with a complexity of

O\left({2}^N\right)

. Many researchers adopted Grover's search algorithm to design cryptography protocols like QSS protocol, 32‐36 quantum direct communication protocol (QDC), 37‐40 quantum private comparison protocol, 41 quantum digital signature 42 quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols 43‐45 …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum secret sharing protocol through noisy channel with application in visual cryptography

Rathi,

Kumar,

Musanna

et al. 2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryThis study presents a quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol designed using Grover's search algorithm in a noisy environment. The proposed protocol utilizes Grover's three‐particle quantum state. The proposed scheme is divided into secret information sharing and eavesdropping checking. The dealer prepares an encoded state by encoding the classical information as a marked state and shares the states' qubits between three participants. Using the amplitude‐damping noise and the phase‐damping noise as conventional noisy channels, it can be demonstrated that secret information can be conveyed between participants with some information lost. The security analysis shows the scheme is stringent against malicious participants or eavesdroppers. The simulation analysis is done on the cloud platform IBM‐QE thereby showing the practical feasibility of the scheme. Finally, an application of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in visual cryptography using the GNEQR representation of images.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grover's algorithm provides an enormous speedup in finding the secret key with a complexity of

O\left(\sqrt{N}\right)

, in comparison to the famous classical algorithm with a complexity of

O\left({2}^N\right)

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum secret sharing protocol through noisy channel with application in visual cryptography

Rathi,

Kumar,

Musanna

et al. 2023

Concurrency and Computation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Algorithms, such as Shor's algorithm [56] for integer factorization and Grover's algorithm for searching [57], rely on quantum embedding to realize their potential [58]. 5) Quantum communication: Quantum encoding techniques are crucial for quantum communication protocols like quantum teleportation [34], [59], quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [60], and QKD [61]- [63]. By encoding information in quantum states, secure and efficient communication channels can be established, ensuring the transmission of information with quantumlevel security and fidelity [64]- [66].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Bits: A Review of Quantum Embedding Techniques for Efficient Information Processing

Khan,

Aman,

Sikdar

2024

IEEE Access

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The existing body of research on quantum embedding techniques is not only confined in scope but also lacks a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of the quantum embedding process. To address this critical issue, this article explores quantum encoding schemes, uncovering valuable insights into their encoding algorithms from theoretical foundations to a mathematical perspective, as well as practical applications. Initially, the article briefly overviews classical computing and the limitations associated with classical bits in representing and processing complex information. Next, the article scrutinizes a variety of quantum embedding patterns, including basis encoding, amplitude encoding, Qsample encoding, angle encoding, quantum associative memory encoding, quantum random access memory, superdense encoding, Hamiltonian encoding, and others. In addition, each technique is accompanied by mathematical formulas and examples illustrating how each strategy can be applied. Finally, the article provides a comparative analysis of different quantum embedding/encoding methods, outlining their strengths and limitations. Overall, this insightful article highlights the potential of quantum encoding techniques for efficient information processing beyond classical bits, thereby facilitating scientists and design engineers in selecting the most appropriate encoding technique to develop smart algorithms for revolutionizing the field of quantum computing.INDEX TERMS Encoding patterns, qubits, quantum computing, quantum information processing, quantum circuits.

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A Secure Centralized Multi-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with New Encoding Mode

Wang¹,

Zhu

2023

Int J Theor Phys

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Controlled Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Authentication Based on Quantum Search Algorithm

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Quantum secret sharing protocol through noisy channel with application in visual cryptography

Quantum secret sharing protocol through noisy channel with application in visual cryptography

Beyond Bits: A Review of Quantum Embedding Techniques for Efficient Information Processing

A Secure Centralized Multi-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with New Encoding Mode

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