Controlled Induction of Parthenogenesis in Transgenic Rice via Post-translational Activation of PsASGR-BBML

Abstract

Modern plant breeding programs rely heavily on the generation of homozygous lines, with the traditional process requiring the inbreeding of a heterozygous cross for five to six generations. Doubled haploid (DH) technology, a process of generating haploid plants from an initial heterozygote, followed by chromosome doubling, reduces the process to two generations. Currently established in vitro methods of haploid induction include androgenesis and gynogenesis, while in vivo methods are based on uni-parental genome elimination. Parthenogenesis, embryogenesis from unfertilized egg cells, presents another potential method of haploid induction. PsASGR-BABY BOOM-like, an AP2 transcription factor, induces parthenogenesis in a natural apomictic species, Pennisetum squamulatum (Cenchrus squamulatus) and PsASGR-BBML transgenes promote parthenogenesis in several crop plants, including rice, maize, and pearl millet. The dominant nature of PsASGR-BBML transgenes impedes their use in DH technology. Using a glucocorticoid-based post-translational regulation system and watering with a 100 μM DEX solution before anthesis, PsASGR-BBML can be regulated at the flowering stage to promote parthenogenesis. Conditional expression presents a novel opportunity to use parthenogenetic genes in DH production technology and to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying parthenogenetic embryogenesis.

Accelerated Breeding for Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) through Doubled Haploidy: An Insight on Past and Future Prospects in the Era of Genome Editing

“…Modification of phospholipase coding in genomic regions, phospholipase-a1 ( PLA1 )/ Matrilineal ( MTL ), Not like dad ( NLD ), and the domain of unknown function 679 membrane protein ( ZmDMP ) in major cereal crops, such as rice and maize, has been identified as responsible for haploid induction [ 38 ]. These genes are responsible for facilitating normal fertilization of egg cells, and mutations in these genes therefore trigger haploids upon egg fertilization failure resulting in parthenogenesis [ 39 ]. These gene homologs have, however, only been identified in monocotyledonous plants, except for the ZmDMP , which has also been identified in several dicotyledonous species [ 40 ]; to our knowledge, these gene homologs are yet to be identified in sunflower.…”