Controlled growth of metallic inverse opals by electrodeposition

Abstract

The kinetics of nickel electrodeposition through a template of ordered polystyrene spheres is addressed experimentally and applied to prepare a series of metallic inverse opals with a non-integer number of layers. The observed layer-by-layer growth is discussed in terms of subsequently increasing disorder of the growth front. Reflection and transmission spectra of the samples demonstrate that the key optical features of these photonic crystals are most pronounced when the thickness does not essentially exceed two layers. The intensities and band positions can be additionally tuned by varying the height of the metal coating continuously, not discretely. These findings are confirmed semi-quantitatively by means of computational modeling of the spectra. Specific deposition current transients for in situ control of geometric parameters are discussed.

3D Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Growth by Electrodeposition

“…[10][11][12][13] Electrodeposition is a particularly facile route for the formation of metal and metal oxide films on a variety of conductive substrates and has recently gained a lot of attention for synthesising three-dimensional materials when combined with templates and sacrificial architecture-directing structures. [14][15][16][17] Vanadium pentoxide is a particularly attractive replacement cathode material with its mixed valence, V 4+ and V 5+ , making it an ideal candidate for a large number of redox-dependent applications. Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) can be synthesized by a number of techniques, including hydrothermal synthesis, 18,19 sol-gel techniques, 20 chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition.…”

Исследование Квазидвумерных И Квазитрехмерных Упорядоченных Пористых Структур Методами Малоугловой Дифракции В Скользящей Геометрии

“…С и н т е з о б р а з ц о в. ИОПС на основе кобальта и никеля были синтезированы темплатным методом [44]. В качестве шаблона (темплата) использовался колло-идный кристалл, состоящий из полистирольных мик-росфер диаметром порядка 542 nm для Ni ИОПС и порядка 618 nm для Co ИОПС.…”

“…Электрохимическое осаждение никеля и кобальта в пустоты между микросферами проводилось в трехэлек-тродной электрохимической ячейке в потенциостатиче-ском режиме из раствора никель-или кобальтсодержа-щего электролита [44,46] (рис. 1, с).…”

Periodic order and defects in Ni-based inverse opal-like crystals on the mesoscopic and atomic scale

“…Thereby one can obtain a sample with predesigned thickness, which is controlled by in situ measuring of current transients [24] and further checked with cross section scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In particular, for the present study a number of films with gradually increasing thickness were obtained, that is, the samples with 3.5, 8, 17, and 26 layers (corresponding to the layers of the initial opal templates).…”

“…The quantitative analysis of structure imperfection was carried out taking into account that the number of hexagonal close-packed layers was known from the current transients [24] along with the SEM data. So, in order to find the value α modified Wilson theory adapted for thin samples was used [12,37]; see theoretical section for more details.…”