Controlled Growth of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles: Single‐Crystalline versus Multiply‐twinned Particles

Abstract

Gold nanocrystals with well‐defined shapes are becoming more crucial in application fields as diverse as catalysis, plasmonics, sensing, drug delivery, and therapeutics. To accomplish real applications on a large scale, a tight control over the size and geometry of the nanoparticles is essential. During the last decade, a new view has emerged: the planning of the properties of nanoparticles based on the control of their morphology. This rational design of particles with desired properties requires strategies to control the nucleation and growth processes. This review provides an overview of applications, properties, characterization, and procedures for the growth of nanoparticles with well‐defined shapes, emphasizing the differences between the controlled growth of single‐crystal and twinned gold nanoparticles.

Characterization of the adsorption dynamics of trisodium citrate on gold in water solution

“…This has been reported in a large number of books, reviews and articles, where production, properties and applications are exhaustively described (see ref. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and references therein).…”

Mild Homogeneous Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles through the Epoxide Route: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Related One‐Pot Composites

“…The inspectiono ft he bands around2 75-375 nm gives information about the presence of Au III complexes, [44] whereas the absorption bands in the 375-825 nm region give information about the LSPR band of AuNP,t he position of which is relatedt otheir shapeand size. [45] While the reaction proceeds and pH increases, ab lueshift is observed at the maximum position of Au III in PVP-10k solution; this behavior was also found in solutionsc ontaining HAuCl 4 and KCl without stabilizing agents (control). Such continuous shift is related to the substitution of Cl À by OH À in Au(OH) x Cl 4Àx À moieties, with 0 x 4(see Figure S5), as wasreportedf or titration experiments in which total ligand exchange was achieved.…”

“…Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are among the most studied noble metal nanoparticles because of their key role in fundamental and applied nanoscience . Several morphologies and sizes could be obtained nowadays, such as spheres, rods, triangles, bipyramids, among others . This wide variety of AuNP with well‐controlled sizes and shapes was exploited for the production of new optical sensors, sensors based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, more efficient catalysts, and for innovative medical and biological applications .…”

“…[1] Severalm orphologies and sizes could be obtained nowadays, such as spheres, rods, triangles, bipyramids, among others. [2,3,4] This wide variety of AuNP with well-controlleds izes and shapes was exploited for the production of new opticals ensors, [5,6] sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, [7,8] more efficient catalysts, [9,10,11,12] and for innovative medical [13,14] and biological applications. [15,16] Depending on the chosen applications, the nanoparticles can be used directly in solution,f orming arrays ontos urfaces [17] or embedded in inorganic or polymericm atrices, in nanocomposites.…”

Gold Recycling at Laboratory Scale: From Nanowaste to Nanospheres

“…[14] In many research and industrial laboratories, AuNPs are produced by chemical methods that allow obtaining them with different morphologies (spheres, rods, triangles, bipyramids, among others) and sizes. [15] The common approach for the design of these synthetic procedures involves trial and error, and after obtaining the AuNPs, their physicochemical characteristics are tested, and functionalization and/or attachment to substrates is performed, by means of a wide variety of methodologies. All these processes and tests produce a huge production or consumption of AuNPs with the consequent generation of nanowaste.…”