Controlled Experiments to Examine Different Exit Designs on Crowd Evacuation Dynamics

Liu, Yiwen; Shi, Xiaomeng; Ye, Zhirui; Shiwakoti, Nirajan; Lin, Junkai

doi:10.1061/9780784479896.072

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Other reasonable obstacle settings that could help improve the evacuation efficiency have also been evaluated based on simulation [7,8]. This phenomenon tends to be more apparent in the case of silo [9], sheep [10] and mice [11] outflow without self-awareness or with high competition, while hard to be observed in non-emergency egress conditions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Jia

Feliciani

Yanagisawa

et al. 2019

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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In this paper, controlled experiments have been conducted to make deep analysis on the obstacle evading behavior of individual pedestrians affected by one obstacle. Results of Fourier Transform show that with the increase of obstacle width, the frequency and amplitude of body sway would barely be affected while the lateral deviation of walking direction would largely increase. On the one hand, the relation among the extracted gait features including body sway, stride length, frequency and speed has been illustrated. On the other hand, the walking direction can be featured by three critical evading points where apparent change of walking direction could be observed. Gaussian function has been used to fit the walking direction, thus allowing to estimate the three critical points and examine their variation with the increase of obstacle size. Furthermore, the direct-indirect evading and left-right turning preference as well as the possible psychological motivations behind have been analyzed. It is indicated that direct-evading pedestrians have a higher walking efficiency and right-turning pedestrians have a stronger tendency to behave 'direct'. Results of this paper are expected to provide practical evidence for the modeling of pedestrian dynamics affected by obstacles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Jia

Feliciani

Yanagisawa

et al. 2019

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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“…Some studies reveal that the obstacle effect can improve pedestrian outflows [57,62,63]. In contrast, other studies found placing an obstacle around the exit may increase [64,65] or have no effect [66] on evacuation time. Therefore, previous research has established the effectiveness of placing obstacles in front of exits in improving evacuation efficiency.…”

Section: Example 3: Obstacle Effect At the Evacuation Phrasementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Investigation on Crowd Evacuation Strategies for Helping Vulnerable Pedestrians at Different Stages of Egress

Tong

Bode

2022

SSRN Journal

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“…To reduce congestion at the exit and increase the evacuation rate in an emergency, it is found that placing an obstacle in front of the exit may be helpful. [17] Many studies have tested the influence of obstacles on the exit evacuation rate through numerical simulation models, [4,[25][26][27] human participant experiments, [28][29][30] and nonhuman biological experiments. [31][32][33] In these studies, opinions on the effectiveness of obstacles in increasing the flow rate at the exit are inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian flow through exit: Study focused on evacuation pattern

Zhang 张,

Yu 余,

Sun 孙

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. B

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Experiments were conducted on the evacuation rate of pedestrians through exits with queued and random evacuation patterns. The experimental results showed that the flow rate of pedestrians was larger with the random evacuation pattern than with the queued evacuation pattern. Therefore, the exit width calculates based on the minimum evacuation clear width for every 100 persons, which assumes that the pedestrians pass through the exit in one or several queues, is conservative. Compared with the queued evacuation experiments, the number of people crossing the exit simultaneously was greater in the random evacuation experiments, and the time interval between the front and rear rows of people was shortened in large-exit conditions when pedestrians evacuated randomly. The difference of flow rates with the queued and random evacuation patterns is related to the surplus width of the exit that greater than the total width of all containable people streams. Two dimensionless quantities were defined to explore this relationship. It was found that the difference in flow rates with the two evacuation patterns was stable at a low level when the surplus width of the exit was no more than 45% of the width of a single pedestrian stream. There was a great difference in flow rates with queued and random evacuation patterns in scenarios with larger surplus width of the exit. Meanwhile, the pedestrians were extraordinary crowding at the exit in these conditions as well, since the number of pedestrians who want to evacuate through exit simultaneously was greatly exceed to the containable level. Therefore, the surplus width of exit should be limited especially in the narrow exit conditions, and the relationship between the two dimensionless quantities mentioned above could provide the basis to some extent.

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Controlled Experiments to Examine Different Exit Designs on Crowd Evacuation Dynamics

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Simulation Investigation on Crowd Evacuation Strategies for Helping Vulnerable Pedestrians at Different Stages of Egress

Pedestrian flow through exit: Study focused on evacuation pattern

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