Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (<i>Lens culinaris</i>). II. Research Strategy

Summerfield, R. J.; Muehlbauer, F. J.

doi:10.1017/s0014479700013363

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Values for Brewer (13-16), Tekoa (14-17) and Chilean 78 (13-24) compare with respective ranges of 10-18, 14-21 and 12-25 in the present investigation. Both these absolute values and the ranking of cultivars confirm that there were no unwanted between-cabinet effects in these successive investigations (Summerfield and Muehlbauer, 1982). They also reconfirm that inherent variability in lentil accessions is greater than in other grain legumes which have been subjected to more intensive selection by plant breeders.…”

Section: Treatment Effects On Progress Towards Floweringsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). V. Cultivar Responses to Above- and Below-average Temperatures during the Reproductive Period

1989

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SUMMARYNodulated plants of three USA cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris) were grown in controlled environment cabinets. They were given either 20 or 80 ppm inorganic nitrogen and experienced a mean temperature of 12.3° C during the vegetative period, i.e. until 73–77 days after sowing. Factorial combinations of above- (29°/11° C) and below-average (23°/8° C) day/night temperatures were then imposed, to give four mean temperatures within the range of 16.6° to 21.1° C until reproductive maturity. Post-flowering vegetative dry-matter production and seed yields were dominated by treatment effects on the initiation and growth of branches. Warmer temperatures accelerated progress towards maturity, limited branching and restricted dry-matter production; at a mean temperature of 20° C plants were almost barren. The implications of these and previous data to lentil crop production and to the use of controlled environments in lentil breeding programmes are discussed.

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Section: Treatment Effects On Progress Towards Floweringsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The warmest mean temperature to which the three cultivars were exposed after flowering (21.1°C) was based on field expectations in the Palouse (Summerfield and Muehlbauer, 1982). However, even though the improved, locallyselected cv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). V. Cultivar Responses to Above- and Below-average Temperatures during the Reproductive Period

1989

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“…The experiment was conducted at Washington State University, Pullman, USA (46° 46' N) in a glasshouse facility described elsewhere (Summerfield and Muehlbauer, 1982). An illuminance gradient was created by suspending two 300 W incandescent lamps (with domed, white enamel reflectors) 60 cm apart, 1 m above pot level and inclined at 20° to the horizontal at one end of a 7-mlong growing-bench ( Fig.…”

Section: Illuminance Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds of the Indian genotype ILL 4378 were scarified mechanically before sowing in order to ensure rapid and successful germination and emergence (> 90% after 7-10 days) comparable with the others. The seeds were not inoculated with Rhizobium and emergent seedlings, when thinned to leave a single uniform plant in each pot, were irrigated with a complete nutrient solution containing 14.3 raM (200 ppm) inorganic-N (Summerfield and Muehlbauer, 1982). The pots were pre-soaked with tap water before sowing and, after emergence, were irrigated manually (determined subjectively as required) so as to ensure free drainage after every application.…”

Section: Genotypes Plant Culture and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). III. Photoperiodic Lighting and Consequences for Flowering

1984

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Six genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris) were grown in pots in a glasshouse under natural photoperiods of 10-12 h, extended to an inductive photoperiod of 16 h by supplementary illumination from incandescent lamps. The illuminance of the supplementary light was varied by placing replicate pots at different distances from the lamps; it decreased geometrically with distance (i.e. down an illuminance gradient) from about 2000 lux directly beneath the lamps to about 40 lux at a distance of 6 m from them. All genotypes came into flower progressively later as illuminance decreased; those selected in northern temperate regions were especially sensitive, taking about twice as long to flower at an illuminance of 40 compared with 2000 lux. We suggest, however, that these quantitative responses do not reflect differences in sensitivity to illuminance per se, but are the consequences of genotypic differences in sensitivity to photoperiod. The implications of these data are discussed in terms of adaptation to the aerial environment and strategies for screening germplasm and plant breeding in lentils and other grain legumes.Photoperiodically-sensitive plants flower seasonally in response to a particular duration of night. In natural environments the transition to and from darkness is not abrupt, but occurs through a gradually changing intensity of twilight. At what point does the plant begin to respond to darkness, or to light at dawn? Vince-Prue (1975) has considered these questions for plants in general but, to our knowledge (Summerfield, 1981), there are no data on these types of responses in lentils (Lens culinaris L.).Photoperiod is the only environmental factor which changes in an exactly predictable manner at any given latitude throughout every calendar year. These seasonal changes are a powerful determinant of phenological events in many crops of major economic importance, perhaps the best known of which are rice (Vergara and Chang, 1976) and soyabeans (Summerfield and Roberts, 1983a). Those lentil genotypes which respond to differences in photoperiod by coming into flower relatively early or late are described as 'quantitative long-day plants' (they will flower in a wide range of day-lengths but the onset of flowering is especially rapid in longer (16-24 h) than in shorter (6-12 h) days; Summerfield,

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“…If swathed, lentil becomes too dry and the stems break into small pieces, some of which remain with the seed (Entenmann et at., 1968). On the other hand, if combined when wet, the feeding mechanism of the cylinder (and perhaps the cylinder itself) are likely to clog, and threshing will be poor (Summerfield et at., 1982).…”

Section: Harvesting Methods In Developed Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of harvesting pulse crops

Haddad

Salkini

Jagatheeswaran

et al. 1988

World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes

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Pulse crops are harvested by hand in the Middle-East, North Africa and West Asia. Labour is often scarce and harvesting costs are expensive; this has threatened continuity of production in some regions. However, pulses are successfully harvested mechanically in the USA and elsewhere. Introducing mechanical harvesting systems to developing countries is very difficult, because of the habit of the crop cultivars grown, the environmental conditions which prevail, and the cultural practices used by farmers. Simple and inexpensive harvesting equipment which can be powered by tractor could be a potential solution. Intensive efforts by international and national research programmes are now being made to overcome this important constraint.

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Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). II. Research Strategy

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). V. Cultivar Responses to Above- and Below-average Temperatures during the Reproductive Period

Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). V. Cultivar Responses to Above- and Below-average Temperatures during the Reproductive Period

Controlled environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). III. Photoperiodic Lighting and Consequences for Flowering

Methods of harvesting pulse crops

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