Controlled Engineering of Nano-Povidones for Efficient Iodine Recovery and Antibacterial Reutilization

Abstract

Iodine capture and reutilization have become one of the most pressing global challenges to public health. Herein, we synthesized novel antibacterial nano-povidones containing hydrophobic nitrile units and hydrophilic pyrrolidone units as two side chains via a radical copolymerization strategy. The pyrrolidone units functioned as an adsorbent to capture iodine and were capable of releasing iodine to attack pathogens. The particles’ morphology, size, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance were regulated facilely by introducing polyacrylonitrile into the povidone system. The final nano-povidone–iodines were found to be extremely potent against two selected pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with low cytotoxicity. Remarkably, in comparison with their bulk counterparts, the nano-povidone–iodines showed unexpectedly enhanced antibacterial action because of their special morphology and nanoscale size, rough surfaces, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance. This proposed strategy may indicate a new direction for pollutant treatment and secondary utilization.

Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility

“…As an alternative, iodine has been a known microbicide throughout the history of mankind, with various applications due to its vast availability, ease of operation, and interesting properties [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Iodine is used as a biocide, as iodophor, in different complex forms due to its excellent antimicrobial activities [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Iodine itself, and in the form of povidone iodine, has several drawbacks, such as staining, skin irritation, instability, uncontrolled iodine release, and, therefore, short-term durability in infection control [ 17 , 26 , 27 , 33 ].…”

“…The attachment of iodine (I 2 ) molecules to the stable triiodide I 3 − ions (I 3 − ) by halogen and hydrogen bonding leads to a variety of polyiodide structures [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Triiodides are the basic topology and are utilized in many applications in different fields [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Higher polyiodides can be synthesized depending on complexing/stabilizing agents, solvents, and available counterions [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Loading of ZIF‐67 on silk with sustained release of iodine as biocompatible antibacterial fibers

“…[ 21 ] Iodine causes irreversible damage to bacterial cells by simultaneously acting on multiple parts of a bacterial cell, unlike antibiotics, whose inhibitory effect is limited to a specific location in the cell. [ 22 ] Herein, a wound dressing based on ZIF‐67 that was immobilized on silk fibers was synthesized. The reason for choosing this MOF is that the cobalt metal ion is less toxic and cheaper than silver and also has antibacterial properties.…”