Controlled Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanoparticle Thin Film and Its Redox Transition to a Highly Conductive and Stable Polypyrrole Variant

West, R. Cyril; Zeng, Xiangqun

doi:10.1021/la800774z

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is reasonable to infer that sufficient H + is necessary for (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 to oxidize Py and then initiate oxidative polymerization. Py monomer is so polymerizable that a very small amount of H + is sufficient for chain initiation and propagation even at low temperature. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Pure Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Applicable for Advanced Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanoparticles

Huang

et al. 2010

J. Phys. Chem. C

129

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Pure polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles that are well-applicable for nanocomposite and nanocarbon precursor were productively synthesized by necessarily unstirred oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in acidic aqueous media at 0°C without any template. The species and concentration of acid and oxidant have been carefully investigated to optimize the polymerization yield, conjugated structure, size, and conductivity of the PPy particles. Laser particle-size analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy all revealed that the PPy particles produced in still acid media have narrow size distribution and uniform spheroid morphology. Homogeneous nucleation and static repulsion are proposed as the formation and self-stabilization mechanisms of the PPy nanoparticles. Combination of HNO 3 medium and (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 oxidant is optimal for the synthesis of PPy nanoparticles possessing maximal yield of 87.2%, small diameter, and high conductivity which has been confirmed by a strong UV-vis band due to a large π-conjugated chain structure. This quiescent polymerization could be simply scaled up or down to synthesize a larger or smaller amount of PPy nanoparticles without compromising their yield, structure, and properties. Furthermore, the conductivity of the nano-PPy could reach 2.8 S/cm upon doping in 2.0 M HClO 4 . Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis technique demonstrates that the PPy nanoparticles at 1000°C can be efficiently carbonized into carbon nanoparticles with narrower size distribution, smaller diameter of 62 nm, and much higher conductivity of about 21 S/cm. In particular, the conductivity will dramatically be enhanced to 219 S/cm and even 370 S/cm at the carbonization and graphitization temperatures of 1300 and 2300°C in nitrogen and argon, respectively. A conductive nano-PPy/cellulose diacetate nanocomposite film with low percolation threshold down to 0.2 wt %, good conductivity stability for at least 8 weeks, and potential bioapplicability was simply fabricated. The present synthesis requires no external templates and provides a facile and direct route to scalable synthesis of PPy exclusive nanoparticles with high yield, controllable size, strong re-dispersibility, high purity, adjustable conductivity, and high nanocarbon yield.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Pure Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Applicable for Advanced Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanoparticles

Huang

et al. 2010

J. Phys. Chem. C

129

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“…For novel device applications, it is desirable to synthesize PPy as thin films, on flexible hydrophobic substrates like PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), polyester, and other different fabrics. Thin films of PPy are usually prepared by chemical process (and a subsequent process such as spin coating) or by electrochemical method, both the methods being in liquid phase . In addition to these two processes, a new method of polymerization of pyrrole monomers on the substrate surface, directly from vapor phase has also been recently reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of adhesion and continuity of polypyrrole thin films through surface modification of hydrophobic substrates

Gupta

Das

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Conducting polymer polypyrrole is reported to have a poor adhesion to substrate which limits its applicability as thin films. In this article, we report synthesis of well‐formed and continuous film of polypyrrole through treatment of hydrophobic substrates. However, in place of the widely used organosilanes, the substrates were simply treated with surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) prior to vapor phase polymerization under controlled environment. Polypyrrole films formed on CTAB pretreated substrates were found to have improved adhesion and continuity compared to the films formed on untreated substrates. The improved adhesion results in better electronic properties as seen during Electron field emission studies. Based on contact angle analysis, we propose that CTAB molecules act as anchoring agents for the oxidant layer on the substrate and hence assist in the deposition of a more continuous polypyrrole film. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39771.

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Recent Trends in Polypyrrole Electrochemistry, Nanostructuration, and Applications

Audebert

2010

Electropolymerization

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IntroductionThis chapter covers recent original research on polypyrrole, especially that pertaining to the last four or five years. It focuses on the synthesis and electrochemical properties of polypyrrole and polypyrrole derivatives, at the same time describing some interesting chemical syntheses and related composites. Physicochemical properties and related applications are mainly discussed, with a brief mention of the field of related biosensors and bioactive polymers. In fact, a more detailed discussion on these topics would make this article too long; moreover, there are several chapters in this book that are dedicated to this area.Since its original discovery by Diaz et al. [1a], polypyrrole progressively tends to become an old polymer. Meanwhile, the trend of the whole polypyrrole related research field follows its way, including many more technical progresses and focusing more on precise applications. However, it is possible to distinguish major and minor fields within this area. While research on new monomers has slowed down, investigations of new polymerization methods, both chemically and electrochemically, are still being carried out. The field of electrochemistry, for example, has seen a notable breakthrough in the use of ionic liquids for electrochemical synthesis, and there is a clear increase in research in the direction of syntheses of all kinds of prestructured media such as templates, emulsions, gels, nanoparticles arrays, membranes, and so on. After the initial excitement on research in the field of accumulators, enthusiasm in this area of application has dwindled; however, related applications such as supercapacitors continue to stimulate a steady amount of research work. Furthermore, the main focus of scientists is now on applications, especially on the design of polypyrrole derivatives fitted to specific purposes.Interesting reviews covering this field have appeared in recent years [1b,c]. These will be referred to in the chapter.This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the advances in polypyrrole synthesis, including new original monomers that appeared in the last five years, new polymerization procedures, and composites; a few recent fundamental studies on redox processes in polypyrrole are also mentioned. The Electropolymerization: Concepts, Materials and Applications. Edited by Serge Cosnier and Arkady Karyakin

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Controlled Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanoparticle Thin Film and Its Redox Transition to a Highly Conductive and Stable Polypyrrole Variant

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Pure Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Applicable for Advanced Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanoparticles

Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Pure Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Applicable for Advanced Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanoparticles

Improvement of adhesion and continuity of polypyrrole thin films through surface modification of hydrophobic substrates

Recent Trends in Polypyrrole Electrochemistry, Nanostructuration, and Applications

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