Controlled chemical degradation of natural rubber using periodic acid: Application for recycling waste tyre rubber

Sadaka, Faten; Campistron, Irène; Laguerre, Albert; Pilard, Jean François

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.019

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…120 Chemical degradation processes include hydrolysis, ozonolysis, and solvolysis. 121 Campistron et al 122 performed chemical degradation of natural rubber in a controlled manner by using mchloroperbenzoic acid; the results showed that reaction time and periodic amount of acid can be used to control the degree of breakdown. Chaikumpollert et al 123 examined the chemical degradation of natural rubber with potassium persulfate at 30 o C; the viscosity of natural rubber was observed to be a function of the amount of potassium persulfate used.…”

Section: Chemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential use of natural rubber to produce liquid fuels using hydrous pyrolysis – a review

2016

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Natural rubber is a tropical plantation crop that mainly consists of hydrocarbon polyisoprene (cis-1,4-polyisoprene). Rubber can be converted through depolymerization into liquid, which can be used as fuels or chemical feedstock. This paper provides information on natural rubber and its alternative sources worldwide. Although we focus on hydrous pyrolysis, we also introduced various depolymerization processes, including pyrolysis, gasification, chemical degradation, catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Hydrous pyrolysis improves the depolymerization process, such that raw materials can be fed without requiring a drying process. This process can also be conducted at low temperatures, and water can be solely used as reaction medium and can be easily separated from the oil product. This paper also reviews the role of process parameters such as temperature, rubber to water ratio, reaction time, and type of gases on product quality and quantity. Moreover, this study highlights the environmental and economic feasibility of hydrous pyrolysis.

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Section: Chemical Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential use of natural rubber to produce liquid fuels using hydrous pyrolysis – a review

2016

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“…However, all of these devulcanization methods are unable to produce a product that is similar to virgin rubber. Rubber recycling technologies such as mechanical [9,10], mechanochemical [11][12][13][14][15], ultrasonic [16], chemical [17][18][19], microwave [3,[20][21][22] and biological methods [23] have been developed with the targets of higher product quality and percent yield. Devulcanization provided the advantage of rendering the rubber suitable for reformulating and recycling into usable products [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites

Karabörk

Pehlivan

Akdemir

2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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Ground tire rubber (GTR) was devulcanized by microwaves at the same heating rate (constant power) and different times of exposure. The devulcanized rubber (DV-R) and untreated GTR were characterized physically and thermally. Composite materials were prepared from different proportions of the GTR, which was used as a filler, and the DV-R, which was used as part of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix, and by varying the exposure time of the microwave power. These composites were compared with a control sample that was prepared from virgin SBR. The sol content (soluble part) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the devulcanized samples were examined to define the efficiency of devulcanization. The cure characteristics and tensile properties of the SBR composites were researched. In this study, it was found that using DV-R as part of the rubber matrix produced much better properties than using GTR as a filler, thereby showing the significant benefits of microwave devulcanization. At the DV-R content of 50 phr, the elongation at break of the DV-R 5 min/SBR composites increased to 445.06% from 217.25% for the GTR/SBR composites, i.e., the elongation at break was enhanced by 105% by the devulcanization of GTR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs displayed a better interface coherence between the DV-R 5 min and SBR matrix than the GTR/SBR composites.

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“…At present, reducing the size in the form of grinding is among the most common of the applied scrap rubber recycling technologies; it consists of mechanical disintegration of the scrap rubber material until the required particle size has been reached. The disintegrated scrap rubber containing high‐quality material can be used, among other things, as filler in thermoplastic compositions , thermoplastic elastomers , and rubber compounds , as well as as an asphalt modifier , a cement modifier , an absorbent , and a substrate used in the processes of pyrolysis and devulcanization . In general, the increased content of ground tire rubber (GTR) in polymer composition results in lower mechanical properties of the obtained products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and properties of LDPE/(ground tire rubber)/crosslinked butyl rubber blends

Formela

Haponiuk

2014

J Vinyl Addit Technol

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In recent years, interest in used rubber recycling, mainly focusing on the utilization of end‐of‐life tires, has heightened. This interest, is owing to the activities related to environmental protection and economic factors, which both stimulate companies to reuse the high‐quality rubber present in ground rubber scrap. In this study, the application of crosslinked butyl rubber in thermoplastic compositions of low‐density polyethylene and ground tire rubber (GTR) is presented. The static and dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of obtained products were studied. The addition of crosslinked butyl rubber to the investigated blends increased the compatibility between the low‐density polyethylene and the GTR particles. It was found that the mechanical properties of thermoplastic compositions containing higher amounts of elastomers (i.e., GTR and crosslinked butyl elastomer) displayed the same behavior, whereas the samples with GTR had worse respective parameters. Depending on their composition, the obtained new polymer blends can be applied to automotive parts, be adapted to pavement surfaces, and become parts of antivibration systems. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:237–242, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Controlled chemical degradation of natural rubber using periodic acid: Application for recycling waste tyre rubber

Cited by 70 publications

References 43 publications

Potential use of natural rubber to produce liquid fuels using hydrous pyrolysis – a review

Potential use of natural rubber to produce liquid fuels using hydrous pyrolysis – a review

Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites

Characterization and properties of LDPE/(ground tire rubber)/crosslinked butyl rubber blends

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