Controlled Atomic Solubility in Mn‐Rich Composite Material to Achieve Superior Electrochemical Performance for Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Li-ion battery (LIB) has been an essential energy storage technology for powering advanced portable electronics. Now, the use of LIB has been extended to electric vehicles and grid-scaleThe quest for high energy density and high power density electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries has been intensified to meet strongly growing demand for powering electric vehicles. Conventional layered oxides such as Co-rich LiCoO 2 and Ni-rich Li(Ni x Mn y Co z )O 2 that rely on only transition metal redox reaction have been faced with growing constraints due to soaring price on cobalt. Therefore, Mn-rich electrode materials excluding cobalt would be desirable with respect to available resources and low cost. Here, the strategy of achieving both high energy density and high power density in Mn-rich electrode materials by controlling the solubility of atoms between phases in a composite is reported. The resulting Mn-rich material that is composed of defective spinel phase and partially cation-disordered layered phase can achieve the highest energy density, ≈1100 W h kg −1 with superior power capability up to 10C rate (3 A g −1 ) among other reported Mn-rich materials. This approach provides new opportunities to design Mn-rich electrode materials that can achieve high energy density and high power density for Li-ion batteries.energy storage systems (ESS). Especially, large-scale energy storage systems have become a key player for transformational changes in our society by deploying smart grids that can make the consumption and distribution of energy efficient and by increasing the use of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy. For developing efficient large-scale energy storage systems, the cost-effective electrode materials with high energy density for Li-ion batteries are necessary. [1] However, most of commercialized Li-ion cathode materials are based on only a few transition metals such as Co and Ni, which is electroactive in layered electrode materials such as LiCoO 2 and Ni-rich Li(Ni, Mn, Co)O 2 , causing constraints on their resources and availability. To decrease this strong dependence of electrode materials on Co or Ni, high capacity electrode materials that are based on cheap and abundant raw materials are urgently needed. One of the most promising approaches for this is the replacement of Co or Ni with cheap and abundant Mn such as Mn-rich electrode materials that can contain more than 80% Mn in the total transition metal ions. [2] Adv. Energy

Demystifying the Lattice Oxygen Redox in Layered Oxide Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries

“… − The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino given their work in development of LIBs . However, the currently used LIBs offer a low energy density about 200–300 Wh kg –1 , which is hard to meet the demand for future electric vehicles as it requires that cells possess a high energy density of about 400 Wh kg –1 , − rendering a vehicle mileage about 500 km per charging process to lower the reliance on traditional fossil fuels. − To realize LIBs with high energy density; thus, it is required to (1) augment the specific capacity of the anode and cathode materials − and (2) increase the reaction potential of cathode materials. − Therefore, over the past decades, many different classes of battery systems and electrode materials, such as Li–air, − Li–S, − Li–O 2 , − Li-metal anode, − Ni-rich layered oxide cathode, , Li-rich layered oxide cathode, , have emerged and resurfaced among academic and industrial research groups (as shown in Figure ). In terms of LIBs, for the first method, alloying reactions (Bi, Cu, Sn, Ge, etc .…”

Constructing compatible interface between Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte and LiCoO2 cathode for stable cycling performances at 4.5 V

“…[5][6][7][8][9] The candidates of LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (0<x, y<1) and lithium-rich layered materials xLi2MnO3‧(1-x)Li(TM)O2 (TM = Mn, Co, and Ni) have been widely explored and developed in order to achieve high-energy density. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, their commercial application are still hindered by the rapid voltage/capacity deterioration, as well as the structural and thermodynamic instabilities upon cycling. [15][16][17] For example, layered LiCoO2 (LCO), the first commercialized cathode material in 1991, 18,19 the boom in its fundamental research and new applications continues and still presents competitive edge among high-capacity cathode materials, 12,[20][21][22][23][24][25] being one preferred cathode material for portable electronics due to its high redox potential (~ 3.9 V vs. Li/Li + ), large theoretical specific capacity (274 mAh g -1 ), high electronic conductivity (~ 10 -4 S cm -1 ), theoretical density (~ 5.06 g cm -3 ) and compressed electrode density, as well as easy preparation.…”

Particle Size and Particle-Size Distribution Effects on Li+ Extraction/Insertion Kinetics for Li-Rich Mn-Based Oxides

“…To overcome these drawbacks, many effective strategies have been proposed and performed to improve the performance of LMR cathode materials, such as element doping, surface coating, and novel morphology design. − Among these strategies, effective morphological design is usually used and achieved through accurately controlling the particle size, particle shape, and particle-size distribution (PSD), along with the dimensionality of the materials. In practical operations, cathode materials with regular morphology and suitable particles can be realized through controlling the coprecipitation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, and template processes.…”