“… − The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino given their work in development of LIBs . However, the currently used LIBs offer a low energy density about 200–300 Wh kg –1 , which is hard to meet the demand for future electric vehicles as it requires that cells possess a high energy density of about 400 Wh kg –1 , − rendering a vehicle mileage about 500 km per charging process to lower the reliance on traditional fossil fuels. − To realize LIBs with high energy density; thus, it is required to (1) augment the specific capacity of the anode and cathode materials − and (2) increase the reaction potential of cathode materials. − Therefore, over the past decades, many different classes of battery systems and electrode materials, such as Li–air, − Li–S, − Li–O 2 , − Li-metal anode, − Ni-rich layered oxide cathode, , Li-rich layered oxide cathode, , have emerged and resurfaced among academic and industrial research groups (as shown in Figure ). In terms of LIBs, for the first method, alloying reactions (Bi, Cu, Sn, Ge, etc .…”