Controllable synthesis of N-C@LiFePO4 nanospheres as advanced cathode of lithium ion batteries

Xiong, Qinqin; Lou, Jingjing; Teng, Xiaojing; Lü, Xiaoxiao; Liu, S.Y.; Chi, Hongzhong; Ji, Zhenguo

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.350

Cited by 90 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the electrical conductivity of the carbon, and, thus, of the powder, can be increased by doping the carbon by nitrogen. Recently, N-doped carbon-coated LFP nanospheres synthesized by a hydrothermal plus chemical polymerization method used as an electrode delivered 158 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 1 C and good rate capability (107 mAh g −1 at 30 C) [24], as can be seen in Figure 2.…”

Section: Lifepomentioning

confidence: 90%

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Mauger

Julien

2018

Batteries

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Among the compounds of the olivine family, LiMPO 4 with M = Fe, Mn, Ni, or Co, only LiFePO 4 is currently used as the active element of positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, intensive research devoted to other elements of the family has recently been successful in significantly improving their electrochemical performance, so that some of them are now promising for application in the battery industry and outperform LiFePO 4 in terms of energy density, a key parameter for use in electric vehicles in particular. The purpose of this review is to acknowledge the current state of the art and the progress that has been made recently on all the elements of the family and their solid solutions. We also discuss the results from the perspective of their potential application in the industry of Li-ion batteries.The main disadvantage of olivines with respect to other cathode chemistries for lithium batteries is the lower energy density. This is evidenced in Table 1 where we have reported the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of LFP and two other cathode materials which have also found a market place in commercial batteries for electric vehicles: the manganese spinel LiMn 2 O 4 , and "LiNiCoAl" (NCA). In terms of energy density, the winner is clearly NCA, the cathode material used by Panasonic to manufacture the batteries of Tesla cars. However, the low energy density of LFP was not an obstacle for its success for EV applications. The top-selling EV manufacturer in the world today is BYD, which makes its own batteries. Its success comes from its choice of the LFP cathode chemistry. As an example, BYD's LFP battery used by e6 taxis in Shenzen has a driving range of 200 km and can be charged to 80% in just 20 min, or 100% in only 40 min using a BYD DC fast charger. The town has 12,000 taxis which will be electric by the end of this year, and all of the 7,000,000 buses are already electric buses, 80% being BYD buses.

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Section: Lifepomentioning

confidence: 90%

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Mauger

Julien

2018

Batteries

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“…The sustainable development of social economy is closely linked with the innovation of electrochemical energy storage technology. [ 1–4 ] Since the beginning of the 21st century, the electric transportation and modern smart electronics have entered into a fast track of development, and consequently promote the rapid growth of battery market, [ 5–10 ] especially the high‐performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). [ 11–16 ] Over the past decades, with the adoption of high energy electrode materials, LIBs technology is developing rapidly and new electric vehicle (EV) models are being rolled out with much improved mileage range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 32–35 ] The mobility and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides make the electrode design and fabrication protocols of LSBs different from traditional lithium ion batteries. [ 8,9,14,32 ] In other words, the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides is the fatal risk of losing active materials, and thereby resulting in lower capacity and inferior electrochemical stability. [ 31,36 ] Beyond that, insulating nature and volume change of sulfur and discharge products also greatly undermine the high‐rate capability and cycling life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 31,36 ] Beyond that, insulating nature and volume change of sulfur and discharge products also greatly undermine the high‐rate capability and cycling life. [ 9,30,37 ] In addition to these scientific issues, the practical application of sulfur‐based cathodes also suffers from other technological issues. To achieve high energy density, some important fabrication factors including active material content, conductive agent/binder/additive types, mass loading, compacted density, must be well controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrode Design for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Problems and Solutions

Huang

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

234

136

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Pursuit of advanced batteries with high-energy density is one of the eternal goals for electrochemists. Over the past decades, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have gained world-wide popularity due to their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. However, their road to the market is still full of thorns. Apart from the poor electronic conductivity of sulfur-based cathodes, LSBs involve special multielectron reaction mechanisms associated with active soluble lithium polysulfides intermediates. Accordingly, the electrode design and fabrication protocols of LSBs are different from those of traditional lithium ion batteries. This review is aimed at discussing the electrode design/fabrication protocols of LSBs, especially the current problems on various sulfur-based cathodes (such as S, Li 2 S, Li 2 S x catholyte, organopolysulfides) and corresponding solutions. Different fabrication methods of sulfur-based cathodes are introduced and their corresponding bullet points to achieve high-quality cathodes are highlighted. In addition, the challenges and solutions of sulfur-based cathodes including active material content, mass loading, conductive agent/binder, compaction density, electrolyte/sulfur ratio, and current collector are summarized and rational strategies are refined to address these issues. Finally, the future prospects on sulfur-based cathodes and LSBs are proposed.

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“…Unfortunately, bulk carbon materials can sometimes not fulfil some of the specific tasks because of their dense bulk structure associated with long diffusion pathsways of ions, leading to compromised reaction kinetics and undermined power performance . Given all that, highly porous carbon nanomaterials (PCNs) with different dimensions emerge and show unique porous architectures with short migration channels of ions/electrons and large surface area for more loading of active materials to improve electrochemical reactions ,. Generally, PCNs can be classified into 1D (e. g., carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes), 2D (e. g., graphene, and carbon nanosheets) and 3D materials (e. g., carbon spheres, carbon capsules, carbon foam, 3D porous carbon and other 3D‐structured carbon).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Porous Carbon Nanomaterials for Applications in Advanced Rechargeable Batteries

Fang

Xia

et al. 2018

Batteries & Supercaps

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The Construction of advanced electrode materials can push the boundaries of electrochemical performance of energy storage devices and accordingly open up a booming energy storage market. Typically, porous carbon is one of the most widely used materials in the field of batteries due to its attractive properties including large porosity, high electronic mobility, good mechanical strength and chemical stability, and ultrahigh specific surface area. This review focuses on diverse synthetic methods of multiscale porous carbon nanomaterials including direct carbonization, electrospinning, puffing, hydrothermal methods, and chemical vapor deposition, with and without templates, as well as their applications in different rechargeable secondary batteries. We summarize different dimensional porous carbon (1D, 2D and 3D) with controlled pore sizes and analyze their formation mechanisms. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship of multiscale porous carbon nanomaterials is reviewed in detail. Meanwhile, we propose general guidelines to fabricate multiscale porous carbon nanomaterials with large surface area and high conductivity. Finally, future prospects and development trends on the advanced multiscale porous carbon nanomaterials toward construction of next-generation batteries are presented.

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Controllable synthesis of N-C@LiFePO4 nanospheres as advanced cathode of lithium ion batteries

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Electrode Design for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Problems and Solutions

Multiscale Porous Carbon Nanomaterials for Applications in Advanced Rechargeable Batteries

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