Controllable Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Anthracene Ligands for High-Sensitivity Fluorescence Sensing of Fe³⁺, Cr₂O₇^2–, and TNP

Abstract

The effective detection of Fe 3+ , Cr 2 O 7 2− , and picric acid (TNP) is of immense significance in chemical and environmental fields. In this paper, five novel luminescent Cd(II)-metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) (CUST-601−605) based on the ligand of 1-(9-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)anthracen-10-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (tatrz) and a series of carboxylate ligands were synthesized via solvothermal reactions. CUST-601−605 are characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. CUST-601 and 605 show porous three-dimensional (3D) structures, and CUST-602 shows 2D network structures, with the ethanol molecules as the capping agents. CUST-603 and CUST-604 exhibit 3D and 2D structures, respectively, based on the controlled contents of organic ligands and capping agents. Luminescent experiments indicate that CUST-601, 602, and 604 show satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Fe 3+ , Cr 2 O 7 2− , and TNP. Further, CUST-603 and 605 are only used to determine Cr 2 O 7 2− and TNP sensitively. The MOF-based fluorescent sensors designed in this paper demonstrate the successful and feasible strategy to use anthracene-based ligands, which shows great potential in environmental detection applications.

An anthracene-based microporous metal–organic framework for adsorbing CO2 and detecting TNP sensitivity

“…During fluorescence analysis, electron transfer from CUST-607 to TNP causes fluorescence quenching. 27 Meantime, the fluorescent excitation spectrum of CUST-607 overlaps with the ultraviolet visible absorption spectra of the TNP molecules (refer ref. 28), manifesting that the fluorescence quenching is also attributed to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer process.…”

Trefoil-Shaped Metal–Organic Cages as Fluorescent Chemosensors for Multiple Detection of Fe3+, Cr2O72–, and Antibiotics

“…All kinds of organic and inorganic pollutants cause serious environmental pollution, thereby seriously threatening water quality and human health. , For example, Fe 3+ , as an essential trace element in human life, plays a positive and important role in many physiological processes . However, it is now considered to be an industrial pollutant because overload or deficiency causes various severe diseases such as iron-deficiency anemia, skin ailments, and hepatic cirrhosis. − On the other hand, Cr 2 O 7 2– ions are one of the common toxic heavy-metal pollutants in industrial fields that are potent carcinogens due to strong oxidation and easy entry into human cells. , Even at low concentrations, long-term exposure of Cr 2 O 7 2– can induce the disruption of proteins and enzymes, renal damage, and even cancer. − Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a simple, selective, and sensitive detection method for Fe 3+ and Cr 2 O 7 2– in an aqueous solution. Likewise, antibiotics as drugs play an important role in the prevention and treatment of human, animal, and plant infectious diseases. , Nevertheless, the overuse of antibiotics has severely affected human health and the ecoenvironment due to their extreme toxicity and degradation difficulty. − Additionally, the current commercial analytical techniques for detecting all of the aforementioned pollutants are limited to bulky instruments, are expensive, require complicated procedures, and are time-consuming. − Therefore, it is imperative to develop a multifunctional and highly effective material to facilitate their application in the detection of a wide range of chemical pollutants.…”

Two-Dimensional Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Sensing Pollutant and Nitrophenols Reduction

“…Therefore, designing and synthesizing a method for rapid detection of antibiotics in wastewater is critical but challenging. , Similarly, the detection of inorganic ions in wastewater is of great significance for the protection of ecological balance and animal and plant health. CrO 4 2– /Cr 2 O 7 2– ion, as a highly water-soluble oxyanion, has terrible toxicity and carcinogenicity after being discharged into the environment, leading a potential threat to humans and aquatic life in trace levels in water. − Therefore, the detection of Cr­(VI) ions is highly imperative for the protection of the human health and environment. − …”