Controllable High-Speed Rotation of Nanowires

Fan, Donglei; Zhu, F. Q.; Cammarata, R. C.; Chien, C. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.247208

Cited by 135 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In particular, with increasing voltages, the rotational speed ω increases with V 2 as shown in Fig. 1I, which agrees with previous report (7). The linear dependence of ω versus V 2 observed in this work also agrees with Eq.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Nevertheless, it has recently been shown in a scheme termed "electric tweezers" that suspended quasi-1D objects, including CNTs and nanowires, can be compelled to execute translational and rotational motion with precision by DC and AC electric fields applied to patterned electrodes (3)(4)(5)(6). In particular, a suitably administered AC electric field can rotate the suspended 1D entities (7), where the rotation speed, chirality and rotation angle can be precisely controlled by the strength and duration of the applied electric fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electronic properties of nanoentities revealed by electrically driven rotation

Fan

Zhu

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Direct electric measurement via small contacting pads on individual quasi-one-dimensional nanoentities, such as nanowires and carbon nanotubes, are usually required to access its electronic properties. We show in this work that 1D nanoentities in suspension can be driven to rotation by AC electric fields. The chirality of the resultantrotation unambiguously reveals whether the nanoentities are metal, semiconductor, or insulator due to the dependence of the Clausius-Mossotti factor on the material conductivity and frequency. This contactless method provides rapid and parallel identification of the electrical characteristics of 1D nanoentities.electric tweezers | nanoparticles | manipulation Q uasi 1D entities, such as carbon nanotubes and various nanowires (e.g., metallic Au, ferromagnetic Co, semiconducting ZnO, and insulating SiO 2 ), have been intensely explored in recent years owing to their remarkable properties. Particularly fascinating are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which may be multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with greatly different properties. Even among SWCNTs, they can be metallic or semiconducting depending on the manner with which the graphene sheet rolls into the cylindrical shape (1). In fact, during synthesis of CNTs, both MWCNTs and SWCNTs, either metallic or semiconducting, are indiscriminately produced (2). To access the electronic properties of 1D entities, one usually resorts to direct electrical measurements of a single entity via metallic contact pads painstakingly patterned by lithography (1). The task becomes daunting when there are a variety of entities.Freestanding nanoentities are typically suspended in a liquid to avoid adhesion to dry surfaces via the van der Waals forces. However, driven motion of suspended nanoentities is well known to be challenging because of the extremely low Reynolds number of 10 −5 where viscous force overwhelms. Nevertheless, it has recently been shown in a scheme termed "electric tweezers" that suspended quasi-1D objects, including CNTs and nanowires, can be compelled to execute translational and rotational motion with precision by DC and AC electric fields applied to patterned electrodes (3-6). In particular, a suitably administered AC electric field can rotate the suspended 1D entities (7), where the rotation speed, chirality and rotation angle can be precisely controlled by the strength and duration of the applied electric fields.In this work, we show that such electrically driven rotational motion can also reveal the electronic properties of the nanoentities. The chirality of the resultant rotation unambiguously reveals whether the nanoentities are metal, semiconductor, or insulator due to the dependence of the Clausius-Mossotti factor on the material conductivity and frequency. From the rotational characteristics, the imaginary part of the Clausius-Mossotti factor ImðKÞ, a key electronic property of the nanoentities, can be determined solely from their rotational motion. We have thus demonstrated contactless pr...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic properties of nanoentities revealed by electrically driven rotation

Fan

Zhu

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Rotating AC E-fields can be generated in the centre of quadruple microelectrodes by applying four AC voltages with 90°sequential phase shifts on the four sub-electrodes 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh-speed rotating nanoelectromechanical system devices assembled from nanoscale building blocks

et al. 2014

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The development of rotary nanomotors is crucial for advancing nanoelectromechanical system technology. In this work, we report design, assembly and rotation of ordered arrays of nanomotors. The nanomotors are bottom-up assembled from nanoscale building blocks with nanowires as rotors, patterned nanomagnets as bearings and quadrupole microelectrodes as stators. Arrays of nanomotors rotate with controlled angle, speed (over 18,000 r.p.m.), and chirality by electric fields. Using analytical modelling, we reveal the fundamental nanoscale electrical, mechanical and magnetic interactions in the nanomotor system, which excellently agrees with experimental results and provides critical understanding for designing metallic nanoelectromechanical systems. The nanomotors can be continuously rotated for 15 h over 240,000 cycles. They are applied for controlled biochemical release and demonstrate releasing rate of biochemicals on nanoparticles that can be precisely tuned by mechanical rotations. The innovations reported in this research, from concept, design and actuation to application, are relevant to nanoelectromechanical system, nanomedicine, microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip architectures.

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“…optoelectronics, 1 magnetism, 2,3 catalysis, 4 piezoand thermo-electricity, 5,6 biosensing, 7,8 and micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), 9 among others. Specifically, ferromagnetic NWs are being employed as components in information storage and logic devices, 3,10,11 spintronics, 12 magnetic sensors, 13 and also as platforms in the biomedical field (e.g., hyperthermia or drug delivery).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%