Controllable Fabrication of Patterned ZnO Nanorod Arrays: Investigations into the Impacts on Their Morphology

Zhang, Dian-bo; Wang, Shujie; Cheng, Ke; Dai, Shuxi; Hu, Binbin; Han, Xiao; Shi, Qi; Du, Zuliang

doi:10.1021/am3003473

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While previous reports of templated ZnO nanowire arrays have controlled array pitch [21][22][23][24][25], these reports did not simultaneously achieve (1) small template-hole diameter for singlenanowire growth and (2) high-resolution pitch-control for optimized charge collection. These characteristics are required to grow single nanowires at precise positions for maximum charge collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Control of zinc oxide nanowire array properties with electron-beam lithography templating for photovoltaic applications

et al. 2015

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Hydrothermally synthesized zinc oxide nanowire arrays have been used as nanostructured acceptors in emerging photovoltaic (PV) devices. The nanoscale dimensions of such arrays allow for enhanced charge extraction from PV active layers, but the device performance critically depends on the nanowire array pitch and alignment. In this study, we templated hydrothermally-grown ZnO nanowire arrays via high-resolution electron-beam-lithography defined masks, achieving the dual requirements of high-resolution patterning at a pitch of several hundred nanometers, while maintaining hole sizes small enough to control nanowire array morphology. We investigated several process conditions, including the effect of annealing sputtered and spincoated ZnO seed layers on nanowire growth, to optimize array property metrics -branching from individual template holes and off-normal alignment. We found that decreasing template hole size decreased branching prevalence but also reduced alignment. Annealing seed layers typically improved alignment, and sputtered seed layers yielded nanowire arrays superior to spincoated seed layers. We show that these effects arose from variation in the size of the template holes relative to the ZnO grain size in the seed layer.The quantitative control of branching and alignment of the nanowire array that is achieved in this study will open new paths toward engineering more efficient electrodes to increase photocurrent in nanostructured PVs. This control is also applicable to inorganic nanowire growth in general, nanomechanical generators, nanowire transistors, and surface-energy engineering.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Control of zinc oxide nanowire array properties with electron-beam lithography templating for photovoltaic applications

et al. 2015

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“…The precursor concentration can influence the relative growth rate of different orientations, which is the key factor in determining the overall morphology of the ZnO crystal. Moreover, the growth rate of non-polar facets {0110} is more sensitive to the precursor concentration change than polar facets {0001}, which has also been detected by Zhang et al [33]. In the T1 step, the supply of the growth units is stable during the early stage of crystal growth and, accordingly, the growth rate ratio of {0001} facets and {0110} facets changes very slightly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Morphology Transition of ZnO Nanorod Arrays Synthesized by a Two-Step Aqueous Solution Method

Huang

Lin

et al. 2018

Crystals

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ZnO nanorod arrays (ZNAs) with vertically-aligned orientation were obtained by a two-step aqueous solution method. The morphology of the ZnO nanorods was regulated by changing the precursor concentration and the growth time of each step. ZnO nanorods with distinct structures, including flat top, cone top, syringe shape, and nail shape, were obtained. Moreover, based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, the possible growth mechanisms of different ZnO nanostructrues were proposed. The room-temperature PL spectra show that the syringe-shaped ZNAs with ultra-sharp tips have high crystalline quality. Our study provides a simple and repeatable method to regulate the morphology of the ZNAs.

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“…Several strategies have been proposed to fabricate highly ordered ZnO NAs, such as nanosphere lithography (NSL) [64][65][66][67][68], electron beam lithography (EBL) [69][70][71][72], optical lithography (OL), and laser interference lithography (LIL) techniques [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. Among these, self-assembled NSL is a simple and economical technique, which employs twodimensional (2D) self-assembled nanometer-sized polystyrene spheres as lithography masks to fabricate patterned arrays [64].…”

Section: Synthetic Methodologies and Properties For Patterned Zno Nasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology and orientation of ZnO NAs can be effectively controlled by tailoring the thickness of the seed layer and solution concentration. EBL is a high-resolution maskless lithography technique, in which a focused electron beam is used to record predetermined shapes on photoresist (PR) materials [70]. Through this method, highly oriented ZnO NAs with controllable diameter and tunable pattern density were obtained.…”

Section: Synthetic Methodologies and Properties For Patterned Zno Nasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and tailoring of patterned ZnO nanostructures for energy conversion applications

Kang

Liao

et al. 2017

Sci. China Mater.

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ZnO is a typical direct wide-bandgap semiconductor material, which has various morphologies and unique physical and chemical properties, and is widely used in the fields of energy, information technology, biomedicine, and others. The precise design and controllable fabrication of nanostructures have gradually become important avenues to further enhancing the performance of ZnO-based functional nanodevices. This paper introduces the continuous development of patterning technologies, provides a comprehensive review of the optical lithography and laser interference lithography techniques for the controllable fabrication of ZnO nanostructures, and elaborates on the potential applications of such patterned ZnO nanostructures in solar energy, water splitting, light emission devices, and nanogenerators. Patterned ZnO nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure, enlarged surface area, and improved light capture ability, which realize the efficient carrier regulation, achieve highly efficient energy conversion, and meet the diverse requirements of functional nanodevices. The patterning techniques proposed for the precise design of ZnO nanostructures not only have important guiding significance for the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures of other materials, but also open up a new route for the further development of functional nanostructures.

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Controllable Fabrication of Patterned ZnO Nanorod Arrays: Investigations into the Impacts on Their Morphology

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Control of zinc oxide nanowire array properties with electron-beam lithography templating for photovoltaic applications

Control of zinc oxide nanowire array properties with electron-beam lithography templating for photovoltaic applications

Morphology Transition of ZnO Nanorod Arrays Synthesized by a Two-Step Aqueous Solution Method

Design and tailoring of patterned ZnO nanostructures for energy conversion applications

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