Abstract. A universal adjacency matrix U of a graph G is a linear combination of the 0-1 adjacency matrix A, the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees D, the identity matrix I and the matrix J each of whose entries is 1. A main eigenvalue of U is an eigenvalue having an eigenvector that is not orthogonal to the all-ones vector. It is shown that the number of distinct main eigenvalues of U associated with a simple graph G is at most the number of orbits of any automorphism of G. The definition of a U-controllable graph is given using control-theoretic techniques and several necessary and sufficient conditions for a graph to be U-controllable are determined. It is then demonstrated that U-controllable graphs are asymmetric and that the converse is false, showing that there exist both regular and non-regular asymmetric graphs that are not U-controllable for any universal adjacency matrix U. To aid in the discovery of these counterexamples, a γ-Laplacian matrix L (γ) is used, which is a simplified form of U. It is proved that any U-controllable graph is a L (γ)-controllable graph for some parameter γ.