Control Theory and Adolescent Drug Use

Discriminators of types of recidivism among boot camp graduates in a five-year follow-up study

“…Caregiver monitoring was measured with five items (four-point scales, ranging from ''very little'' to ''very much'') asking how closely caregivers supervised: (1) spending money, (2) peer associations, (3) movies and parties, (4) how late you stay out, and (5) school activities (during childhood and adolescence). Caregiver attachment and monitoring were taken from Marcos and Bahr (1988).…”

Religiosity, religious conservatism, bonds to school, and juvenile delinquency among three categories of drug users

“…Research has revealed that parental and school attachment are inversely related to delinquency (Hirschi 1969;Hindelang 1973;Wiatrowski, Griswold, and Roberts 1981). Attachment to parents and school is also negatively related to adolescent alcohol use Uohnson 1984; Kaplan, Martin, and Robbins 1984), marijuana use (Burkett and Jensen 1975;Kandel, Kessler, and Margulies 1978;Kaplan et al 1984;Goe, Napier, and Bachtel 1985;Marcos, Bahr, and Johnson 1986;Marcos and Bahr 1988), and other illicit drug use (Kandel et al 1978;Marcos et al 1986;Sorenson and Brownfield 1989). However, attachment to peers appears to be positively related to delinquency (Hindelang 1973;Conger 1976) and drug use (Kandel et al 1978;Kandel, Simcha-Fagan, and Davies 1986;Brownfield and Sorenson 1991).…”

‘If drugs does that to you, then I don't want it.’ Resiliency among non-marijuana using adolescents

“…Thus, adolescents are drawing upon their experiential or learned knowledge concerning the potential effects of marijuana use on their health. Thus, it is their belief that there is something inherently wrong about marijuana use that contributes to their avoidance behavior (Marcos and Bahr 1988).…”