Control system tuning and stability analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines

D’Arco, Salvatore; Suul, Jon Are; Fosso, Olav Bjarte

doi:10.1109/ecce.2013.6647045

Cited by 103 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In general, such a cascaded control structure provides inherent over-current protection during severe transient operating conditions. This is lacking in other open-loop approaches such as synchronverters or the Ise lab's topology [75] described previously. SPC also avoids the discontinuities encountered in solving the mathematical models, thus making the system more robust against numerical instabilities.…”

Section: Other Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The modern power system is progressing from a synchronous machine-based system towards an inverter-dominated system, with large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like wind and photovoltaics. RES units today represent a major share of the generation, and the traditional approach of integrating them as grid following units can lead to frequency instability. Many researchers have pointed towards using inverters with virtual inertia control algorithms so that they appear as synchronous generators to the grid, maintaining and enhancing system stability. This paper presents a literature review of the current state-of-the-art of virtual inertia implementation techniques, and explores potential research directions and challenges. The major virtual inertia topologies are compared and classified. Through literature review and simulations of some selected topologies it has been shown that similar inertial response can be achieved by relating the parameters of these topologies through time constants and inertia constants, although the exact frequency dynamics may vary slightly. The suitability of a topology depends on system control architecture and desired level of detail in replication of the dynamics of synchronous generators. A discussion on the challenges and research directions points out several research needs, especially for systems level integration of virtual inertia systems.

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Section: Other Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

et al. 2017

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“…A possible solution for the improvement of this transient response is the emulation of inertia in the control of these converters; for example, employing an autonomous VSM technique [14][15][16][17][18]. These control algorithms are based on the swing equation of synchronous generators connected to the conventional electric grid, which can be obtained from the following motion equation [29]:…”

Section: Ac Microgrid Primary Control With Inertia Emulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This control technique is also known as a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) [14,15] or synchronverter [16,17]. In the literature, several studies can be found where this type of technique is employed; for instance, D'Arco et al carry out a review of some of the most relevant VSM techniques in [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalence of Primary Control Strategies for AC and DC Microgrids

Unamuno

Barrena

2017

Energies

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Microgrid frequency and voltage regulation is a challenging task, as classical generators with rotational inertia are usually replaced by converter-interfaced systems that inherently do not provide any inertial response. The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare autonomous primary control techniques for alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrids that improve this transient behaviour. In this context, a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) technique is investigated for AC microgrids, and its behaviour for different values of emulated inertia and droop slopes is tested. Regarding DC microgrids, a virtual-impedance-based algorithm inspired by the operation concept of VSMs is proposed. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be configured to have an analogous behaviour to VSM techniques by varying the control parameters of the integrated virtual-impedances. This means that the steady-state and transient behaviour of converters employing these strategies can be configured independently. As shown in the simulations, this is an interesting feature that could be, for instance, employed for the integration of different dynamic generation or storage systems, such as batteries or supercapacitors.

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“…So when the controlled VSC is disconnected from the main grids, it is able to maintain an island grid without any control scheme switching and keeps showing inertial characteristics. Regarding the design of the inner loops, an open-loop pulse width modulation (PWM) as in [16], [17], [29], or a voltage-current double-loop controller as in [24], [30] could be used. However, the open-loop PWM solution is unable to limit the current, and the double-loop solution poses issues in voltage source fighting.…”

Section: A Synchronous Power Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-connected converters with virtual electromechanical characteristics: experimental verification

Zhang¹,

Remon²,

Candela³

et al. 2017

CSEE JPES

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Abstract-Grid-connected power converters, which are frequently used to link renewable generation plants with the grid, are required to provide a better functionality for large scale integration of renewables. They are expected to be gridfriendly, or even grid-supportive, instead of simply grid-feeding or grid-demanding. This paper designs a synchronous power controller for grid-connected converters in detail, emulating the electromechanical characteristics of synchronous machines and improving even its actual performance, as it is based on a virtual approach. Based on this design, the grid-interfacing units are capable of showing inertia, damping, and droop characteristics as synchronous machines and presenting thus a grid-supporting behavior. The detailed control design and experimental validation on a 10 kW laboratory setup acts as the main contribution of this paper, compared with the existing studies on generator emulation controls.

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Control system tuning and stability analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

Equivalence of Primary Control Strategies for AC and DC Microgrids

Grid-connected converters with virtual electromechanical characteristics: experimental verification

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