Control Strategy Optimization for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using a Memetic Algorithm

Cheng, Yu-Huei; Lai, Ching-Ming

doi:10.3390/en10030305

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, according to the presented literature review, all the examined studies mainly discussed the integration of EVs in urban energy systems and smart grid environments by solely focusing on the management of EVs when the latter are connected to charging infrastructures. In most cases, in fact, the optimization techniques proposed by the literature are based on data available when EVs are connected to EVSE, and statistical approaches (including the use of historical data, simulated scenarios, and statistical models) are exploited to compute the expected power demand profiles and the time of arrival of EVs over the considered time horizons [15,35,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mobile Communication Requirements for the Demand-Side Management of Electric Vehicles

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rising concerns about global warming and environmental pollution are increasingly pushing towards the replacement of road vehicles powered by Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). Electric Vehicles (EVs) are generally considered the best candidates for this transition, however, existing power grids and EV management systems are not yet ready for a large penetration of EVs, and the current opinion of the scientific community is that further research must be done in this field. The so-called Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept plays a relevant role in this scenario by providing the communication capabilities required by advanced control and Demand-Side Management (DSM) strategies. Following this research trend, in this paper the communication requirements for the DSM of EVs in urban environments are discussed, by focusing on the mobile communication among EVs and smart grids. A specific system architecture for the DSM of EVs moving inside urban areas is proposed and discussed in terms of the required data throughput. In addition, the use of a Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) solution-the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology-is proposed as a possible alternative to cellular-like solutions, by testing an experimental communication infrastructure in a real environment. The results show that the proposed LPWAN technology is capable to handle an adequate amount of information for the considered application, and that one LoRa base station is able to serve up to 438 EVs per cell, and 1408 EV charging points.Energies 2018, 11, 1220 2 of 27 in the last 40 years, rising from 2.8 GtCO 2 eq of 1970 to 7 GtCO 2 eq in 2010. It is worth noting that the main contribution of this increase is due to road vehicles, whose GHG emissions rose in the same period by almost 200% [2]. A further issue of concern is the contribution of road vehicles to the air pollution in urban centers. Recent studies demonstrated that conventional ICEs are responsible for the emission of the 73% of total urban air pollutants, and also revealed that the growth in chronic health problems in urban areas can be directly related to transportation systems [3]. As a consequence, several restrictions on ICE vehicles have been proposed in European cities, such as the progressive diesel ban in Paris (entered into force since 2015), and the Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) that will come into force in London starting from April 2019 [4].Electric Vehicles (EVs), in particular Battery EVs (BEVs), are generally considered the best candidates for the replacement of conventional ICE vehicles, thanks to their independence from the primary energy source, and to the total absence of direct GHG and pollutant emissions. Recent studies demonstrated that BEVs are the less carbon-intensive option if compared to other solutions, such as Plug-in Hybrid EVs (PHEVs) and Hybrid EVs (HEVs) [5], and that the large penetration of EVs could help to significantly reduce indirect GHG emissions and air pollution in urban areas [6,7].Whilst high investment costs and low energy densit...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mobile Communication Requirements for the Demand-Side Management of Electric Vehicles

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where the 8th-order state vector involves the integral term dynamics and is given byē x = [e x e c ] T . The matrices appeared in (16) are given in the following, where it is considered I * ds = 0.…”

Section: Stability Analysis With the Fast Current Controllers Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the control strategies proposed for EVs mostly focus on system optimization [15,16] and on holistic management techniques [17][18][19]. In the field of dynamic control designs, different schemes based on conventional linear or nonlinear techniques, such as sliding mode and intelligent control techniques, are proposed [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Electronic Control Design for Stable EV Motor and Battery Operation during a Route

Makrygiorgou

Alexandridis

2019

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electric vehicles (EVs), during a route, should normally operate at the desired speed by effectively controlling the power that flows between their batteries and the electric motor/generator. To implement this task, in this paper, the voltage source AC/DC converter is considered as a controlled power interface between the electric machine and the output of the DC storage device; the DC/DC converter is used to automatically regulate the battery operating condition in accordance to the profile of the acting on the vehicle wheels, unknown external torque. Particularly, the speed is continuously regulated by the vehicle driver via the pedal while all other regulations for absorbing or regenerating energy are internally controlled. The driver command is acting as speed reference input on a PI outer-loop motor speed controller which, in its turn, drives a fast P inner-loop current controller operating in cascaded mode. In a similar manner, the machine and the battery performance are self-regulated by a pure PI current controller that achieves maximum electric torque per ampere operation of the motor and by a PI/P cascaded scheme for the DC-voltage/battery–current regulation, respectively. In order to exclude any possibility of instabilities and adverse impacts between the different parts, a rigorous analysis is deployed on the complete electromechanical system that involves the motor, the batteries, the converter dynamic models and the proposed controllers. Modeling the system in Euler–Lagrange nonlinear form and applying sequentially suitable Lyapunov techniques and the time-scale separation principle, a systematic method for tuning the gains of the inner- and outer-loop controllers is derived. Therefore, the proposed controller design procedure guarantees asymptotic stability by considering the accurate system model as a whole. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by simulating realistic route conditions, performed under unknown external torque variations.

show abstract

“…The increasing interest in sustainable mobility has led to the study and development of new hybrid architectures, which can be mainly divided in three main categories [1]: parallel [2][3][4][5][6], series/parallel (also known as power-split) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and series hybrid [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Passalacqua et al [22] proposed a new series architecture configuration for medium size cars, with a storage system based only on supercapacitors and they highlighted the benefits in terms of internal combustion engine (ICE) optimal working points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbocompound Power Unit Modelling for a Supercapacitor-Based Series Hybrid Vehicle Application

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, starting from the measurements available for a 2000 cm3 turbocharged diesel engine, an analytical model of the turbocharger is proposed and validated. The model is then used to extrapolate the efficiency of a power unit with a diesel engine combined with a turbocompound system. The obtained efficiency map is used to evaluate the fuel economy of a supercapacitor-based series hybrid vehicle equipped with the turbocompound power unit. The turbocompound model, in accordance with the studies available in the technical literature, shows that the advantages (in terms of efficiency increase) are significant at high loads. For this reason, turbocompound introduction allows a significant efficiency improvement in a series hybrid vehicle, where the engine always works at high-load. The fuel economy of the proposed vehicle is compared with other hybrid and conventional vehicle configurations.

show abstract

Control Strategy Optimization for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using a Memetic Algorithm

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

On the Mobile Communication Requirements for the Demand-Side Management of Electric Vehicles

On the Mobile Communication Requirements for the Demand-Side Management of Electric Vehicles

Power Electronic Control Design for Stable EV Motor and Battery Operation during a Route

Turbocompound Power Unit Modelling for a Supercapacitor-Based Series Hybrid Vehicle Application

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About