Control strategy for peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants in India

Peste des petits ruminants vaccine and vaccination in India: sharing experience with disease endemic countries

“…Among plausible reasons for this somewhat unusual epidemiological feat could be, much less number of small ruminants present in the state compared to its neighbours and failure to detect PPR disease due to low impact of such sporadic disease events in small ruminants. The intensity of the PPR outbreaks during the last 9 years was relatively more in the areas with high population density of small ruminants [28]. This explains the higher possibility of disease transmission linked to intermixing of the animals.…”

“…Some of the countries have initiated PPR control measures either through their own resources or with the help of other developmental agencies interested in poverty alleviation through improved livestock health and production in general and small ruminant production in particular (http:// www.oie.int/for-the-media/press-releases/detail/article/oielaunches-pilot-project-to-design-efficient-control-methodsfor-peste-des-petits-ruminants-a-dev/). India is one such example, which gathered base line information on disease situation [30], took comprehensive steps through its own internal resources, competence and indigenously developed tools for the control of PPR [28]. These tools include a potent live-attenuated PPR vaccine [36] and monoclonal antibody based diagnostics both for antibody and antigen detection [31,32].…”

Assessment of the antibody response to Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease vaccination in a flock of Sirohi goat kids

“…The economic consequences of PPR outbreak can be devastating, given the rural livelihood sustainability dependency upon sheep and goat production and utilization. PPR causes economic losses of 1800 million Indian Rupees (US$ 39 million) every year in India (Singh, 2011), however, due to ever increasing inflation, this estimate must have had shoot up by at least 40%. Baseline data on the prevalence of PPR indicate that one third (33%) of small ruminants in India are seropositive (Singh, 2011).…”

“…PPR causes economic losses of 1800 million Indian Rupees (US$ 39 million) every year in India (Singh, 2011), however, due to ever increasing inflation, this estimate must have had shoot up by at least 40%. Baseline data on the prevalence of PPR indicate that one third (33%) of small ruminants in India are seropositive (Singh, 2011). Animals excrete the virus prior to showing signs of the disease resulting in to faster pace of spread.…”

“…Currently, three live attenuated PPR vaccines (Sungri/96, Arasur/87 and CBE/97 stains) are available in India for prevention of this disease, of which, Sungri/96, developed by Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar has undergone extensive field trial (Singh et al, 2009(Singh et al, , 2010Singh, 2011). It is possible that the vaccine induced protection across individuals is not homogenous, wherein, vaccine gives a complete protection for a proportion of individuals while rest acquire only incomplete (leaky) protection of varying magnitude (Mehtala et al, 2016).…”