Control strategy for islanded operation of offshore wind power plants connected through a VSCHVDC link

Belenguer, E.; Vidal, R.; Beltrán, Héctor; Blasco-Gimenez, R.

doi:10.1109/iecon.2013.6699989

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Considering wind turbines, some researchers connected a battery storage system with the DC link of a back-to-back pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) [13,14], and the improved control strategy of the grid-side converter was adopted. Considering wind power transmission, voltage source converter (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) links were used to assist wind power stations (offshore wind farms especially) participating in the black start of large-scale power systems [15,16]. However, a HVDC transmission system will bring greater impact to the AC grid, and the DC blocking may also lead to the collapse of the AC system, so in some scenarios, a HVDC transmission system on power grid black start and recovery may also bring adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Control Strategy for Black Starts via PMSG-Based Wind Power Generation

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The use of wind power generation (WPG) as a source for black starts will significantly enhance the resiliency of power systems and shorten their recovery time from blackouts. Given that frequency stability is the most serious issue during the initial recovery period, virtual inertia control can enable wind turbines to provide frequency support to an external system. In this study, a general procedure of WPG participating in black starts is presented, and the key issues are discussed. The adaptability of existing virtual inertia control strategies is analyzed, and improvement work is performed. A new coordinated frequency control strategy is proposed based on the presented improvement work. A local power network with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind farm is modeled and used to verify the effectiveness of the strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Control Strategy for Black Starts via PMSG-Based Wind Power Generation

et al. 2017

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“…Although it can provide greater flexibility, integrating WFFC to black start control can be a challenging task since the objective of the WFFC will then be to minimize the effects in structural loading under operating conditions very far from normal ones: very low active power and torque levels, unavailability of generator torque for rotor speed control or active drivetrain damping, large and sudden changes in generator torque due to electrical load switching or disconnection events in the forming grid, and so forth. Nevertheless, the studies about the impact of specific black start strategies on structural loads are nearly nonexistent to the authors' knowledge, with only some simplified analyses of the wind turbine mechanical dynamics, such as, References 98,99 or coupled dynamics emulation with partial or no reference to the structural load effects 100,101 . The comprehension of such impact, however, can be crucial to evaluate the cost trade‐off with additional electrical components 97…”

Section: Alignment Of Wffc With Grid and Electricity Markets Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis

et al. 2021

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Wind farm control (WFC) allows coordinated operation of the wind turbines within a wind power plant (WPP). However, its development has traditionally been split into the distinct disciplines of power plant control and farm flow control. As variable renewable energies, in particular wind energy, increase their penetration into the power system, grid code requirements become stricter for WPPs and electricity markets necessarily evolve. In such a context, crossfertilization between the two categories of WFC, targeting an integrated approach where applicable, becomes a priority. An initial overview on how to further align wind farm flow control (WFFC) to grid and electricity markets participation is provided, including an analysis of capabilities and prospects. In addition, greater detail is given about an open‐access dataset serving as market showcases for value demonstration of price‐driven operation of WPPs by means of WFFC.

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“…A different system control architecture is discussed in [100] proposing that the WT-GSCs operate as grid-forming converters and the onshore and offshore VSC-HVdc as a conventional point-to-point HVdc system. It must be noted that controller interactions and stability have to be thoroughly addressed when using multiple grid-forming converters.…”

Section: Converter Control In Hvdc-connected Wppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and operation of wind power plants connected to DC grids

Schönleber¹

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Remote offshore wind power plants (WPPs) are being linked through high-voltage de voltage-source converter (VSC-HVdc) transmission to the main grids. The current deployments of HVdc grid connections for offshore WPPs are point-to-point transmission systems. Moreover, WPPs connected to the offshore VSC-HVdc form an offshore ac grid which operates non synchronously to the main grids. lt is characterized by extensive submarine cabling and, in the case offull-scale power converter-based wind turbines, by being purely converter-based. This thesis goes into two main aspects regarding the operation of HVdc-connected WPPs: i) reactive power and voltage control and ii) fault ride through (FRT) in the ac offshore grids. Optimization-based reactive power control strategies are enhanced to the application of an ac grid consisting ofone grid-forming and several grid-connected converters. A reactive power and voltage control method is introduced which aims to increase the annual energy production from a single WPP. In the industrial application, several WPPs might be clustered which leads to multi-layered controllers and operation boundaries. Taking this into account, an operation strategy with reasonable communication requirements is suggested and evaluated against conventional methods . The work further propases a control framework for the grid-form ing offshore VSC-HVdc. Special emphasis is put on the FRT of unbalanced faults in the offshore grid and the provision of controlled currents for ease of fault detection. Furthermore, the internal variables of the offshore modular multi-level VSC-HVdc are analyzed. Moreover, tour FRT strategies for the grid connected converters are evaluated for unbalanced faults in the offshore grid. This consequently implies that control strategies in symmetrical components are considered. Furthermore, the reduction of over-modulation and over-voltages by the power converters in the offshore grid is dealt with. Los parques eólicos marinos suelen conectarse a redes eléctricas terrestres a través de corriente continua de alta tensión (siglas en inglés: HVdc) utilizando convertidores de fuente de tensión (siglas en inglés: VSC) cuando la corriente alterna de alta tensión (siglas en inglés: HVac) resulta tecnológicamente e económicamente desfavorable. Los parques eólicos conectados al convertidor HVdc marino crean redes eléctricos marinas de corriente alterna que operan asíncronamente a las redes terrestres. Dichas redes se caracterizan por tener cables submarinos, y, en el caso de aerogeneradores con convertidores de plena potencia, resultan en redes constituidas únicamente por convertidores de potencia. Esta tesis investiga dos de los aspectos principales de la operación de parques eólicos marinos conectados en corriente continua de alta tensión: i) la regulación de potencia reactiva y tensión y ii) la operación durante faltas eléctricas en las redes marinas. Se han propuesto estrategias de optimización del control de reactiva para su aplicación a una red ac con varios convertidores conectados. Se ha introducido un método de regulación de potencia reactiva y tensión cuyo objetivo es incrementar la generación eléctrica del parque eólico. En la implementación práctica, varios parques eólicos podrían pertenecer a la misma red lo cual conduce a reguladores multicapas y a la consideración las interfaces entre los operadores. Teniendo esto en cuenta, se propone una estrategia de regulación de potencia reactiva asumiendo unos tiempos de comunicación razonables, y se compara a conceptos convencionales. La segunda parte de la tesis sugiere un método de control para el convertidor marino en secuencia directa e inversa. Está diseñado para la operación normal y la operación durante faltas asimétricas y permite la inyección de corrientes reguladas para la detección de la falta. Además, se analizan las variables internas del convertidor modular multinivel (siglas en inglés: MMC) en estas situaciones. Asimismo, se han evaluado cuatro estrategias de respuesta a faltas asimétricas por parte de los convertidores de los aerogeneradores. Estas estrategias también incluyen el control en secuencia directa e inversa. Finalmente, se investiga la reducción de sobremodulación en los convertidores y sobretensiones en la red marina. Hochspannungs–Gleichstrom–Übertragung (HGÜ) stellt eine effiziente Lösung zur Netzanbindung weit entfernter Offshore–Windkraftanlagen dar. Die derzeit verwendeten Punkt–zu–Punkt–Anbindungen basieren dabei auf spannungsgeführten Umrichtertopologien. Das seeseitige Wechselstromnetz verbindet die Windkraftanlagen mit der netzbildenden HGÜ–Umrichterstation. Es charakterisiert sich im Vergleich zu gewöhnlichen Netzen durch das ausschließliche Verwenden von Seekabeln und, im Fall einer Verwendung von Windkraftanlagen mit Vollumrichtern, durch das Fehlen gewöhnlicher, direkt gekoppelter Synchrongeneratoren. Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt zwei Kernaspekte bezüglich dem Betrieb HGÜ–angebundener Windparks: i) die kontinuierliche Regelung der Blindleistung und Spannung und ii) das Umrichterverhalten bei Spannungseinbrüchen aufgrund von Netzkurzschlüssen [engl. fault ride through (FRT)] im seeseitigen Wechselspannungsnetz. Hierfür werden Blindleistungsoptimierungsverfahren präsentiert, die für die Anwendung in Wechselstromnetzen mit einem netzbildenden Umrichter und weiteren netzsynchronen Umrichtern geeignet sind. Die vorgeschlagene Blindleistung– und Spannungsregelungsmethode verringert die Energieverluste im seeseitigen Netz und erhöht damit die Energieausbeute des Systems. Häufig werden verschiedene Windparks zu Clustern zusammengeschlossen, die mehrschichtige Regelungsansätze fordern. Hierfür wird ein weiteres Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das ähnliche Kommunikationsanforderungen wie herkömmliche Betriebsverfahren aufweist, jedoch geringere Verluste verursacht. Die Arbeit untersucht ferner ein dynamisches Regelungsverfahren für den seeseitigen HGÜ–Umrichter. Dabei wird speziell das Verhalten während unsymmetrischer Kurzschlüsse im seeseitigen Netz berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus wird der Betrieb des modularen Mehrpunktumrichters (engl. MMC) für diese Anwendung analysiert. Bezüglich des Verhaltens netzsynchroner Umrichter während asymmetrischer Spannungseinbrüche im seeseitigen Netz werden weiterhin vier Verfahren untersucht. Diese zielen unter anderem auf die Verringerung von möglicher Übermodulation der Umrichter und Überspannungen im seeseitigen Netz ab.

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Control strategy for islanded operation of offshore wind power plants connected through a VSCHVDC link

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Frequency Control Strategy for Black Starts via PMSG-Based Wind Power Generation

Frequency Control Strategy for Black Starts via PMSG-Based Wind Power Generation

Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis

Control and operation of wind power plants connected to DC grids

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