Control Strategy for Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System

Garcia, F. S.; Ferreira, André Augusto; Pomílio, José Antenor

doi:10.1109/apec.2009.4802757

Cited by 86 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The aim of the measurements is to ascertain if there is a distinct boundary frequency, after which one energy storage is clearly more energy efficient than the other. The result would be useful in designing efficient control of energy storage power flow in systems using multiple parallel energy storage systems, as depicted in [4], [6][7][8]. By knowing the frequency dependence of the energy storage efficiency and equivalent series resistance (ESR), it is also possible to predict the power losses from the spectrum of the energy storage current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calorimetric efficiency measurements of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

Virtanen

Haapala

Hannikainen

et al. 2011

2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

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Figure 2. K2 96 V/ 90 Ah li-ion battery system of 30 pcs of LFP300HES Energy Modules.Figure 1. Maxwell BMOD0063 P125 V/63 F heavy-duty supercapacitor module.Abstract-This paper presents efficiency measurements for a 125 V/63 F supercapacitor module (SC) and a 96 V/90 Ah lithium-ion (li-ion) battery system as a function of chargedischarge current frequency. The result would be useful in the design of efficient power flow control in systems using SCs and li-ion batteries as parallel energy storages, and offers a possibility to predict energy storage power losses from the frequency spectrum of the energy storage current. In order to obtain accurate measurement results a calorimetric test setup has been built. In addition the li-ion battery efficiency is analyzed according to draft standard ISO 12405-1 and with a small scale straddle carrier laboratory drive. The calorimetric measurements indicate that frequency has only a minor impact on the energy storage efficiencies, but the efficiency of the SC is approximately 3 % better than that of the li-ion battery system. The standard measurements and straddle carrier measurements indicate an even greater difference in li-ion battery efficiency in comparison to the SC. Hence, in parallel SC and li-ion battery energy storage systems the control of power flow should be arranged so that the SC is utilized as much as possible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calorimetric efficiency measurements of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

Virtanen

Haapala

Hannikainen

et al. 2011

2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

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“…In a study of an EV, the highly-efficient energy saving method is very important issue [1][2]. Usually, during the regenerative braking, a drive motor generates electric energy and it charges a lead-acid battery by a DC converter system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A series or parallel changeover system using battery with EDLC for EV

Hata

Watanabe

Sung

2013

2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE)

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This paper focuses on the way to use the EDLC bank in a small electric vehicle (EV). In a recent study of an EV, a supercapacitor (EDLC; Electric Double Layer Capacitor) is adopted into an energy storage system to improve energy efficiency. Generally, the EDLC bank consists of a large number of cells because the EDLC bank cell voltage is very small compared with the battery terminal voltage, which is a DC bus voltage in the motor drive system. On the other hand, a small EV cannot be equipped with the large size EDLC bank because of the restriction of a cost and a space. Therefore, the energy storage system demands the small size EDLC bank more efficiently. Usually, the conventional system of an EV cannot utilize the full voltage range of an EDLC bank because the operating voltage range is limited by the ratio of step-up voltage between the DC bus and the terminal of the EDLC bank in bidirectional DC/DC converter. In this paper, due to improve the operating voltage range of the EDLC bank, a series or parallel changeover system using a battery with an EDLC is proposed. In addition, simulations and experimental results are presented to verify that the proposed system can expand the operating voltage range of the EDLC bank. As a result, the small bank of few EDLC cells is applied for small EV as a power assistance system.

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“…Limiting the rate-of-change in source output power, to minimise wear thereby increasing the lifetime [2], can be achieved using an ESS with either a fixed rate limiter [6] set to the maximum permissible rate-of-change for the power source, or adding a low-pass [7], [8] or Kalman [9] filter element to the control. The rate limiter or filter cause the ESS to source or sink power during mismatches in source power and load demand, protecting the power source from the sudden load transients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Energy Management Control for Energy Storage System

Todd

Forsyth

2014

7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2014)

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An energy management controller based on multiple charge/discharge profiles is proposed and analysed for an energy storage system. Each profile is designed to use the available energy more aggressively in different power regions, including the low or the high power regions, or both regions to minimise the rate-of-change of power source output. The performance of the energy storage system with the profiles is examined by simulation when connected to an aircraft 540V DC bus with a fault-tolerant starter/generator and high power, pulsed loads.

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Control Strategy for Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System

Cited by 86 publications

References 28 publications

Calorimetric efficiency measurements of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

Calorimetric efficiency measurements of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries

A series or parallel changeover system using battery with EDLC for EV

Advanced Energy Management Control for Energy Storage System

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