Control Strategies Towards Faster Quantitative Imaging in Atomic Force Microscopy

Stemmer, Andreas; Schitter, Georg; Rieber, Jochen M.; Allgöwer, Frank

doi:10.3166/ejc.11.384-395

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Generally, inverse compensation-based damping has an advantage in that we can extend the scanner bandwidth. This damping method is much easier to apply for the x-scanner than for the z-scanner, because for the former, the scan waves are known beforehand and are periodic (hence, the frequencies used are discrete; integral multiples of the fundamental frequency) [93][94][95]. Here, we first consider the damping of the x-scanner vibrations.…”

Section: Feedforward Control For Active Dampingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed atomic force microscopy for nano-visualization of dynamic biomolecular processes

Ando

Uchihashi

Fukuma

2008

Progress in Surface Science

492

414

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The atomic force microscope (AFM) has a unique capability of allowing the high-resolution imaging of biological samples on substratum surfaces in physiological solutions. Recent technological progress of AFM in biological research has resulted in remarkable improvements in both the imaging rate and the tip force acting on the sample. These improvements have enabled the direct visualization of dynamic structural changes and dynamic interactions occurring in individual biological macromolecules, which is currently not possible with other techniques. Therefore, high-speed AFM is expected to have a revolutionary impact on biological sciences. In addition, the recently achieved atomic resolution in liquids will further expand the usefulness of AFM in biological research. In this article, we first describe the various capabilities required of AFM in biological sciences, which is followed by a detailed description of various devices and techniques developed for high-speed AFM and atomic-resolution in-liquid AFM. We then describe various imaging studies performed using our cutting-edge microscopes and their current capabilities as well as their limitations, and conclude by discussing the future prospects of AFM as an imaging tool in biological research.

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Section: Feedforward Control For Active Dampingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed atomic force microscopy for nano-visualization of dynamic biomolecular processes

Ando

Uchihashi

Fukuma

2008

Progress in Surface Science

492

414

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“…The active damping of the x-scanner is easy because their scan speed is not high, and their scan waves are known beforehand and periodic, and therefore, feedforward control for active damping can be implemented in a digital mode [18]- [20]. When the line scan was performed at 3.3 kHz without damping, its displacement exhibited vibrations [ Fig.…”

Section: A Active Damping Of X-scannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Control techniques in high-speed atomic force microscopy

Ando

2008

2008 American Control Conference

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Abstract-Biological macromolecules are highly dynamic. Their functions results from dynamic structural changes and dynamic interactions with other molecules. The visualization of the dynamic processes at high spatial and temporal resolution appears to be straightforward to understanding the functional mechanisms of biological macromolecules. Such visualization is only possible by the atomic force microscope (AFM) with a high-speed imaging capability, since dynamic biomolecular processes generally occur on a millisecond timescale. Therefore, we have been improving both the scan speed as well as the tip force exerted on the sample by developing various devises and techniques. The latest version of our high-speed AFM can capture biological processes at an imaging rate of 30-100 ms/frame without disturbing their functions. Here, we report the devices and techniques that realized this performance.

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“…Commercial AFMs are typically controlled with basic Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI), ProportionalIntegral-Derivative (PID), Proportional-Double-Integral (PII), or Proportional-Double-Integral-Derivative (PIID) compensators [11], [23], [25], [31], [35]. Here, F = 0, and for a PIID feedback controller for the Z motion direction, a continuous-time compensator transfer function is…”

Section: Control Of Afmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stemmer and others have reported faster and more accurate imaging results using SISO ℓ 1 -optimal feedback and feedforward controllers [20], [35] for the vertical (Z-direction) scanner position. In the ℓ 1 framework, the goal is to minimize the maximum or peak deviations of signals.…”

Section: B ℓ 1 Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Feedforward/Feedback Control of Atomic Force Microscopes

Pao

Butterworth

Abramovitch

2007

2007 American Control Conference

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Abstract-The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a powerful imaging and nanofabrication tool that allows the user to observe and manipulate samples at the atomic level. However, one limitation of current AFMs is the long time required to obtain a quality image of a sample. Several researchers have investigated this problem in recent years, and we give an overview of the approaches explored, including H∞, ℓ1, and model-inverse based methods. We compare and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches, and we end with a summary of open questions to be addressed in improving the control of AFMs.

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Control Strategies Towards Faster Quantitative Imaging in Atomic Force Microscopy

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

High-speed atomic force microscopy for nano-visualization of dynamic biomolecular processes

High-speed atomic force microscopy for nano-visualization of dynamic biomolecular processes

Control techniques in high-speed atomic force microscopy

Combined Feedforward/Feedback Control of Atomic Force Microscopes

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