Control Strategies of Electric Vehicles Participating in Ancillary Services: A Comprehensive Review

Pradana, Adlan; Haque, M. Mejbaul; Nadarajah, Mithulanathan

doi:10.3390/en16041782

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Many different case studies are used to put the proposed models through their paces. The results of the simulation verify the better performance of the EV-based microgrid (MG) model in the coordinated charging and discharging mode, which is crucial to the economic viability of any microgrid's operations [26,27].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 74%

A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

Aurangzeb

Xin

Iqbal

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the power grid has attracted considerable attention due to its potential benefits, such as demand response and power quality improvement. However, the intermittent and unpredictable nature of EVs’ charging and discharging behavior can cause significant challenges to the grid’s stability and power quality. This research study explores the use of a droop-ANN model to improve power quality in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. The proposed approach integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) into the droop control technique to accurately predict the voltage and frequency of the charger. Through simulations, the model’s effectiveness in reducing power fluctuations and enhancing power quality was validated. The results indicate that the droop-ANN model significantly improves power quality across various battery state of charge (SoC) and charging/discharging scenarios. The findings highlight the potential of the droop-ANN model to enhance stability and reliability in V2G systems. Further research is needed to validate the model in real-world applications and explore its full potential. Overall, the droop-ANN model offers a promising solution for improving power quality in V2G systems.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 74%

A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

Aurangzeb

Xin

Iqbal

et al. 2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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“…The GA is used to Therefore, the PID controller can be expressed mathematically as in Ref. [49] in Equation (34):…”

Section: Optimization Of the Pid Controller Using Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Volkswagen Jetta MK5 Hybrid Vehicle for Optimized System Efficiency Based on a Genetic Algorithm

Neamah,

Dulaimi,

Silavinia

et al. 2024

Energies

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have emerged as a trendy technology for reducing over-dependence on fossil fuels and a global concern of gas emissions across transportation networks. This research aims to design the hybridized drivetrain of a Volkswagen (VW) Jetta MK5 vehicle on the basis of its mathematical background description and a computer-aided simulation (MATLAB/Simulink/Simscape, MATLAB R2023b). The conventional car operates through a five-speed manual gearbox, and a 2.0 TDI internal combustion engine (ICE) is first assessed. A comparative study evaluates the optimal fuel economy between the conventional and the hybrid versions based on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, whose optimal set-point is predicted and computed by a genetic algorithm (GA). For realistic hybridization, this research integrated a Parker electric motor and the diesel engine of a VW Crafter hybrid vehicle from the faculty of engineering to reduce fuel consumption and optimize the system performance of the proposed car. Moreover, a VCDS measurement unit is developed to collect vehicle data based on real-world driving scenarios. The simulation results are compared with experimental data to validate the model’s accuracy. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy (EMS), with an approximately 89.46% reduction in fuel consumption for the hybrid powertrain compared to the gas-powered traditional vehicle, and 90.05% energy efficiency is achieved.

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“…Ancillary services work on peak load shifting, frequency regulation, voltage support, smoothing variable generation from renewables, and the optimization of power system operations [73]. Furthermore, potential control strategies have been explored for electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in ancillary services [74]. Multiperiod optimum power flow solutions for active distribution networks have been investigated by [72,75,76].…”

Section: Evolution and Development Of Bess Ancillary Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Storage Use in the Value Chain of Power Systems

Ratshitanga,

Ayeleso,

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2024

Energies

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In recent years, energy challenges such as grid congestion and imbalances have emerged from conventional electric grids. Furthermore, the unpredictable nature of these systems poses many challenges in meeting various users’ demands. The Battery Energy Storage System is a potential key for grid instability with improved power quality. The present study investigates the global trend towards integrating battery technology as an energy storage system with renewable energy production and utility grid systems. An extensive review of battery systems such as Lithium-Ion, Lead–Acid, Zinc–Bromide, Nickel–Cadmium, Sodium–Sulphur, and the Vanadium redox flow battery is conducted. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of their working principles, control strategies, optimizations, and technical characteristics is presented. The review findings show that Lead–Acid, Lithium-Ion, Sodium-based, and flow redox batteries have seen increased breakthroughs in the energy storage market. Furthermore, the use of the BESS as an ancillary service and control technique enhances the performance of microgrids and utility grid systems. These control techniques provide potential solutions such as peak load shaving, the smoothing of photovoltaic ramp rates, voltage fluctuation reduction, a large grid, power supply backup, microgrids, renewable energy sources time shift, spinning reserve for industrial consumers, and frequency regulation. Conclusively, a cost summary of the various battery technologies is presented.

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Control Strategies of Electric Vehicles Participating in Ancillary Services: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 208 publications

A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

A Novel Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Improvement in a Vehicle-to-Grid Setup Using Droop-ANN Model

Development of a Volkswagen Jetta MK5 Hybrid Vehicle for Optimized System Efficiency Based on a Genetic Algorithm

Battery Storage Use in the Value Chain of Power Systems

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