Control-oriented hybrid model of a small-scale refrigerated truck chamber

Fallmann, Markus; Poks, Agnes; Kozek, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119719

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For modeling the cooling chamber and the cooling unit of the small-scale refrigerated vehicle, the model proposed by Fallmann et al [28] was adopted since it shows good agreement with measurement data from a real-world refrigerated vehicle. The only modification to the original model was the removal of the heater acting as a disturbance heat flow in the cooling chamber, as this disturbance is irrelevant to this work.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only modification to the original model was the removal of the heater acting as a disturbance heat flow in the cooling chamber, as this disturbance is irrelevant to this work. In the following, a brief overview of the model is given, and the interested reader is referred to [28], where the modeling of the system and its validation is explained elaborately. Note that the thermodynamic quantities in this work correspond to ISO 80000-5:2019 [30].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The described model comprises both continuous and binary variables, thus it is a hybrid model [32]. A formulation with a mode selector and a switched affine system is used for the mathematical description of the model.The mathematical description of the dynamic model relies on first principles, which is explained comprehensively in [28]. Given that the model comprises both continuous and binary variables, it is a hybrid model [32].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 8}, see Table 1. The mathematical description of the dynamic model relies on first principles, which is explained comprehensively in [28]. Given that the model comprises both continuous and binary variables, it is a hybrid model [32].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this work considers a secondary loop cooling system with a glycol mixture as the secondary refrigerant, which is always kept above its freezing point. The modeling of a refrigerated vehicle with such a cooling system is described by Fallmann et al [28]. In their work, a dynamic low-order model was estimated by a gray-box modeling approach using measurement data from a small-scale refrigerated vehicle with door openings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation-Based Sizing of a Secondary Loop Cooling System for a Refrigerated Vehicle

Lösch,

Fallmann,

Poks

et al. 2023

Energies

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Refrigerated transport by road is essential for the food industry but also contributes significantly to global energy consumption. In particular, last-mile transport, where the doors of the cooling chamber are opened frequently, puts a strain on energy efficiency and temperature control due to the high heat ingress from outside into the cooling chamber. These difficulties can be reduced by thermal energy storage systems, such as secondary loop refrigeration systems, if combined with a sophisticated control scheme. Although the storage capacity of such systems is critical for the overall performance of the cooling system, little research was performed regarding the sizing of the secondary loop thermal storage capacity. Therefore, this article examines the effect of the secondary loop thermal storage capacity on energy consumption and controller performance utilizing closed-loop simulations of a refrigerated vehicle model. Both a mixed-integer model predictive control scheme that can anticipate door openings and a conventional temperature controller are analyzed. An optimal thermal storage capacity of the secondary loop is found with the model predictive controller, whereas the conventional controller cannot exploit the secondary loop and thus shows significantly inferior performance. By using a dimensionless parameter for the thermal storage capacity of the secondary loop, the optimum found can be easily applied to refrigerated vehicles with various cooling chamber dimensions.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%