Control of Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Blooms by Serial Parasitic Killers

Chambouvet, Aurélie; Morin, Pascal; Marie, Dominique; Guillou, Laure

doi:10.1126/science.1164387

Cited by 273 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These flagellates were generally present in low numbers except for station five, where they were abundant (Figure 4). The coverage of the probe Alv01 (Chambouvet et al, 2008) decreased since its publication (Supplementary Table S1), hence the actual numbers were likely higher than reported here. Presence of vermiforms would have confirmed whether this group is indeed parasitic for sea-ice algae.…”

Section: Importance Of Picoeukaryotes In Sea Icementioning

confidence: 53%

Mesoscale distribution and functional diversity of picoeukaryotes in the first-year sea ice of the Canadian Arctic

et al. 2013

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Sea ice, a characteristic feature of polar waters, is home to diverse microbial communities. Sea-ice picoeukaryotes (unicellular eukaryotes with cell size o3 lm) have received little attention compared with diatoms that dominate the spring bloom in Arctic first-year sea ice. Here, we investigated the abundance of all picoeukaryotes, and of 11 groups (chlorophytes, cryptophytes, bolidophytes, haptophytes, Pavlovaphyceae, Phaeocystis spp., pedinellales, stramenopiles groups MAST-1, MAST-2 and MAST-6 and Syndiniales Group II) at 13 first-year sea-ice stations localized in Barrow Strait and in the vicinity of Cornwallis Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. We applied Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization to identify selected groups at a single cell level. Pavlovaphyceae and stramenopiles from groups MAST-2 and MAST-6 were for the first time reported from sea ice. Total numbers of picoeukaryotes were significantly higher in the vicinity of Cornwallis Island than in Barrow Strait. Similar trend was observed for all the groups except for haptophytes. Chlorophytes and cryptophytes were the dominant plastidic, and MAST-2 most numerous aplastidic of all the groups investigated. Numbers of total picoeukaryotes, chlorophytes and MAST-2 stramenopiles were positively correlated with the thickness of snow cover. All studied algal and MAST groups fed on bacteria. Presence of picoeukaryotes from various trophic groups (mixotrophs, phagotrophic and parasitic heterotrophs) indicates the diverse ecological roles picoeukaryotes have in sea ice. Yet, 450% of total sea-ice picoeukaryote cells remained unidentified, highlighting the need for further study of functional and phylogenetic sea-ice diversity, to elucidate the risks posed by ongoing Arctic changes.

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Section: Importance Of Picoeukaryotes In Sea Icementioning

confidence: 53%

Mesoscale distribution and functional diversity of picoeukaryotes in the first-year sea ice of the Canadian Arctic

et al. 2013

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“…This alternation between a sporangium-hosted dormant stage and a chemically-activated, free-living virulent stage stands as an efficient strategy for success in the maintenance of the parasitoid population. How do they survive between host blooms, either by serially infecting a sequence of dinoflagellate hosts, as shown for other parasites (Chambouvet et al, 2008), or by sporangia sinking to the sediments along with host cysts and remaining dormant therein until favourable conditions for resuspension and activation occur, remains to be solved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitoids have been identified as a main cause of mortality of harmful dinoflagellates (Taylor, 1968;Chambouvet et al, 2008), to the extent that their deliberate use has been suggested as a biological mitigation of marine harmful algal blooms (Taylor, 1968), in the same manner it is done in agricultural applications on land. The suggestion has faced opposition on the basis of the lack of knowledge on their specificity, the mechanisms of infection and the potential side effects (Anderson, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Host-released dimethylsulphide activates the dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae

et al. 2013

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Parasitoids are a major top-down cause of mortality of coastal harmful algae, but the mechanisms and strategies they have evolved to efficiently infect ephemeral blooms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the generalist dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa, Alveolata) is activated from dormancy, not only by Alexandrium minutum cells but also by culture filtrates. We unequivocally identified the algal metabolite dimethylsulphide (DMS) as the density-dependent cue of the presence of potential host. This allows the parasitoid to alternate between a sporangiumhosted dormant stage and a chemically-activated, free-living virulent stage. DMS-rich exudates of resistant dinoflagellates also induced parasitoid activation, which we interpret as an example of coevolutionary arms race between parasitoid and host. These results further expand the involvement of dimethylated sulphur compounds in marine chemical ecology, where they have been described as foraging cues and chemoattractants for mammals, turtles, birds, fish, invertebrates and plankton microbes.

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“…Viral infection has been shown to control blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in the Northern Atlantic (Wilson et al 2002), while parasitic protists in the order Syndiniales have been coupled with collapses of blooms of dinoflagellatespeciesintheMediterraneanSea (Chambouvet et al 2008). Increased impact of algal viruses and parasites would decrease the amount of food available for pelagic and benthic grazers.…”

Section: Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%