Control of the tokamak safety factor profile with time-varying constraints using MPC

Abstract

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Control-oriented modeling of the plasma particle density in tokamaks and application to real-time density profile reconstruction

“…ASTRA [30], CRONOS [43]) are not directly suitable for the task of real-time density reconstruction, since their execution time generally exceeds the discharge duration. It has been shown in [2][3][4][5]39,40] that low-complexity 1D models can be used for reconstruction and control of the temperature and safety factor profiles.…”

“…Plasma control has expanded in recent years from control of bulk plasma quantities (such as total plasma current, average particle density and average temperature) to control of the spatial distributions of these quantities, e.g. the profiles of temperature, safety factor and rotation [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Profile control simulations and experiments on TCV: a controller test environment and results using a model-based predictive controller

“…Here the controller design is summarized, which is largely based on previous work in [10,19], with minor changes to simplify the implementation and meet the set (computational) requirements. Further details on the controller design can be found in [41].…”

Model predictive control of resistive wall mode for ITER

“…This enabled several applications of MPC in magnetic control for tokamaks and RFPs. Maaljars et al [65,66] presented MPC control of the plasma pressure and safety factor profile for ITER and TCV using the RAPTOR code; Wehner et al [67] uses MPC for control of plasma safety factor profile for DIII-D. Gerkšič et al [68,69] implemented MPC plasma current and shape control for ITER using a dual fast gradient method (FGM) QP solver [63]. Gerkšič et al [70] used explicit MPC for VS of the n = 0 mode for ITER, which does not require on-line optimization because a parametric solution is computed in advance, but this is suitable only for lowdimensional control problems.…”