Control of the Queensland Fruit Fly by Gamma Irradiation1

Macfarlane, J. J.

doi:10.1093/jee/59.4.884

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A few studies directly compare hosts for measures of efÞcacy used in PI (acute mortality is not considered). When corrected for control emergence, adult emergence from Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) larvae irradiated with 40 Gy in meridic diet, orange, Citrus sinensis L., and apple, Malus domestica Borkh., was 0, 0.34, and 0.15%, respectively (Macfarlane 1966). Bactrocera tryoni third instars infesting oranges and avocados, Persea americana Mill, responded to radiation dose equally (Rigney and Wills 1983).…”

Section: Phytosanitary Irradiation Variablesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors Affecting Ionizing Radiation Phytosanitary Treatments, and Implications for Research and Generic Treatments

Hallman¹,

Levang-Brilz²,

Zettler³

et al. 2010

jnl. econ. entom.

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Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) treatments are promising measures to overcome quarantine barriers to trade and are currently used in several countries. Although PI has advantages compared with other treatments one disadvantage bedevils research, approval, and application: organisms may remain alive after importation. Although this does not preclude their use as a phytosanitary treatment, it does leave the treatment without an independent verification of efficacy and places a greater burden for assuring quarantine security on the research supporting the treatment. This article analyses several factors that have been hypothesized to affect PI efficacy: low oxygen, pest stage, host, dose rate, and temperature. Of these factors, the first is known to affect efficacy, whereas host and dose rate probably need more research. The International Plant Protection Convention considered several PI treatments for its international standard on phytosanitary treatments and did not approve some at first because of perceived problems with the research or the presence of live adults after irradiation. Based on these concerns recommendations for research and dealing with the issue of live adults postirradiation are given. Generic PI treatments are suggested.

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Section: Phytosanitary Irradiation Variablesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors Affecting Ionizing Radiation Phytosanitary Treatments, and Implications for Research and Generic Treatments

Hallman¹,

Levang-Brilz²,

Zettler³

et al. 2010

jnl. econ. entom.

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“…Gamma irradiation was determined effective as a quarantine treatment against the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa, for grapefruit and mango (von Windeguth 1986) and carambola (Gould and von Windeguth 1991). Irradiation was found lethal against the Queensland fruit fly, Strumeta tryoni, in carrot or orange medium (Macfarlane 1966) and in sweet cherries (Jessup 1990). Irradiation reduced but did not control postharvest decay due to anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, in mango (Johnson et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of ‘Climax’ Blueberries After Low Dosage Electron Beam Irradiation

Miller

McDonald

McCollum

et al. 1994

Journal of Food Quality

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Fruit of 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were irradiated by a linear accelerator at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 kGy and evaluated for various quality attributes after storage for 1, 3, 7, or 14 days at ICpEus 2 days at 15C, respectively. Weight loss increased during storage and averaged 4.2 % after the final inspection and was not affected by irradiation dosage. About 5 % of total berries were decayed after 14 days at 1 C, about 6 % after the final inspection at 15C, but decay was not affected by the level of irradiation. Electrolyte leakage, skin color, total soluble solids, acidity, and pH were also not affected by irradiation dosage. There was a signifcant decline in b e r y firmness, jlawr, and texture as dosage increased. Berries treated at 1 .O kGy or above were softer and had lower jlavor and texture preference scores than berries treated at lower dosages or nontreated berries.

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“…Although freezing lessens radioinduced inactivation of microorganisms, because in the solid state the reactive intermediates of water radiolysis are not able to interact with the cells as freely, differences in temperature above freezing do not seem to affect the efÞcacy of microorganism inactivation (Stewart 2001). Macfarlane (1966) found that failure of irradiated Queensland fruit ßy, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), to pupariate increased with increasing temperature between 4.5 and 36ЊC. Adult emergence occurred only at the lowest temperature.…”

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confidence: 98%

Irradiation Disinfestation of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hypoxic and Low-Temperature Storage

Hallman

2004

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Apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), is a quarantine pest of apples, Malus domestica Borkhausen, and pears, Pyrus communis L., shipped from much of the United States and Canada. As such, these fruits shipped from infested areas to uninfested areas must undergo a quarantine disinfestation treatment. The objective of this research was to develop irradiation quarantine treatments against apple maggot considering that fruit hosts may be stored under hypoxic or cold conditions when they are irradiated. Hypoxia increased from 30.5 to 35.7 Gy (17%) the estimated dose to achieve 99% prevention of the full pupal stage from irradiated third instars in apples compared with ambient atmospheres. However, 50 Gy completely prevented the full pupa in 22,360 and 15,530 third instars, respectively, irradiated in apples in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. There was no difference in development to the full pupal stage in apple maggot third instars held at 1 or 24 degrees C when irradiated with 20 Gy. Because the maximum dose measured when 50 Gy was sought was 57 Gy, the latter should be the dose recommended for quarantine disinfestation of host fruits of the apple maggot. Apples and pears tolerate much higher doses.

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Control of the Queensland Fruit Fly by Gamma Irradiation1

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Factors Affecting Ionizing Radiation Phytosanitary Treatments, and Implications for Research and Generic Treatments

Factors Affecting Ionizing Radiation Phytosanitary Treatments, and Implications for Research and Generic Treatments

Quality of ‘Climax’ Blueberries After Low Dosage Electron Beam Irradiation

Irradiation Disinfestation of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hypoxic and Low-Temperature Storage

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