Control of the Plague Vector, Opisocrostis Hirsutus, by Treatment of Prairie Dog (Cynomys Ludovicianus) Burrows with 2% Carbaryl Dust

Barnes, Allan M.; Ogden, Louis J.; Campos, E. G.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/9.4.330

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Because Þnal delivery of powder to inaccessible parts of the burrow, primarily the nest area, is dependent upon the prairie dogs themselves (Barnes et al 1972), the pyriproxyfen powder may not have been adequately dispersed into these areas, resulting in poor ßea control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animal was then allowed to recover from the anesthetic and released. Fleas, which were also anesthetized, were collected from the basin with a small wooden applicator moistened with saline solution and placed into a vial containing a 2% NaCl and 0.001% Tween 80 solution (Barnes et al 1972, Quan et al 1981. The vial was then sealed and labeled with the ear-tag numbers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flea sampling of burrows was only conducted at 1998 treatment and control sites. Burrows were sampled using the "ßagging" method described by Barnes et al (1972). Fifty randomly selected burrows at each site were sampled using a 30.5-cm 2 piece of white ßannel attached to a 3-m length of ßexible plumbers cable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ßannel was submerged as far as possible into the burrow and left for 15 s. The ßannel was withdrawn and ßeas were carefully collected and counted. Our method differed from that of Barnes et al (1972) in that ßeas were not returned to their burrow of origin, but collected and sent to Centers for Disease Control for plague analysis. Burrows were sampled once pretreatment and three times posttreatment on all sites in 1998 except on 98spray, where only one posttreatment sampling occurred.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Pyriproxyfen Spray, Powder, and Oral Bait Treatments on the Relative Abundance of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Towns

Karhu

2000

J Med Entomol

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Separate black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord), towns on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, were treated with technical pyriproxyfen (Nylar) using spray, powder, and oral bait carriers. Direct combing methods (1997 and 1998) and burrow flagging (1998) were used to estimate relative abundance of the plague vector Oropsylla hirsuta (Baker). Pyriproxyfen spray (0.05%) and powder (0.05%) did not significantly reduce (P > 0.05) O. hirsuta abundance. Pyriproxyfen bait, when applied every 4 wk at a concentration of 286 mg/50 g bait, significantly reduced (P < or = 0.05) O. hirsuta infesting prairie dogs, 4 mo after initial treatment. However, flea populations had recovered to pretreatment levels by the following summer (July 1999).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Pyriproxyfen Spray, Powder, and Oral Bait Treatments on the Relative Abundance of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Towns

Karhu

2000

J Med Entomol

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“…Despite the higher costs of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, many were progressively tested in a search for equally effective but less persistent materials for outdoor use (Miller et al 1970, Barnes et al 1972, Maupin et al 1991. More recently, pyrethroid insecticides (Maupin et al 1991, Beard et al 1992a, b, Leprince and Lane 1996, Gage et al 1997, Lane et al 1998) and insect growth regulators (Lang and Chamberlain 1986) have been evaluated because of their more desirable properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation of Fipronil and Imidacloprid Topical Insecticides for Control of the Plague VectorOropsylla montana(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) on California Ground Squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Metzger

Rust

2002

J Med Entomol

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Two insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid, were evaluated for efficacy and longevity against Oropsylla montana (Baker), the most important vector of plague in California. Wild-caught California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson), were individually housed in the laboratory to serve as natural hosts to O. montana and for on-animal insecticide trials. Several concentrations oftechnical grade fipronil and imidacloprid in acetone were applied to samples of clean rodent bedding to determine residual activity and longevity against fleas. Immature and adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), were used as representative fleas for periodic assays in place of less fecund O. montana. Toxicity of treated bedding did not decrease significantly for 1 yr at all applied concentrations. Fipronil provided 100% kill for at least 1 yr at > or = 100 ppm, whereas imidacloprid required 10,000 ppm for similar performance. Laboratory squirrels were treated with topical formulations of fipronil (Frontline Top Spot) and imidacloprid (Advantage Flea Adulticide) at a dosage rate of 15 mg/kg and evaluated for residual activity every 2 wk against adult O. montana. Residual activity was determined by percent recovery of O. montana adults released on treated and untreated animals after 48 h. Frontline provided 100% kill of adult fleas for at least 10 wk, and up to 26 wk on one animal. Advantage failed to provide 100% kill of adult fleas at 2 wk, with complete loss of efficacy by week 6. Concurrent assays with bedding samples from squirrel nest boxes showed negligible toxicity transfer from treated animals to nest bedding.

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A Prototype Insecticide Applicator and Quality Control Monitoring for Plague Management on Prairie Dog Colonies

Tripp

Emslie

Sack

et al. 2021

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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Plague causes declines in native wildlife populations including those of prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) and endangered black‐footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). The infusion of insecticides into prairie dog burrows is a vector control method regularly used to suppress or prevent plague transmission by fleas. Detailed methods on how insecticide application equipment (dusters) is calibrated or how the quality of application is monitored are not regularly reported. We describe a new prototype duster and compare its performance to commercially available equipment using quality‐control monitoring procedures. We infused 0.05% deltamethrin (dust) into burrows of Gunnison's and black‐tailed prairie dogs (C. gunnisoni, C. ludovicianus) in Colorado in 2014–2017. The prototype and commercial dusters distributed a similar amount of dust ( truex ¯ = 5.39 and 5.29 g/burrow, respectively; t(797) = −0.83, P = 0.4). However, the prototype dusters required less operation time to dispense dust than the commercial dusters ( truex ¯ = 1.0 sec vs. 7.69 sec/burrow; t(481) = 49.2, P ≤ 0.001). If we applied a standard operating time of 5 sec to all commercially available units, 60% (20 of 34) would fail to dispense ≥4 g of dust. The prototype dusters were more consistent in their dust output, with all units (12 of 12) dispensing ≥4 g of dust with an operation time of only 1 sec. Controlled and accurate application of insecticide is difficult to achieve if quality‐control monitoring and equipment calibration are not conducted. The efficacy of vector control is likely only as effective as the quality and precision of the application of the insecticide itself. When evaluating plague management outcomes, it is important to consider if some observed limitations of efficacy are caused by the failure of the management tool or the failure of managers to effectively use the tool. Future work to calibrate the prototype dusters to dispense larger target doses and performance testing with other insecticide formulations is needed. Additional modifications to adapt the prototype dusters for use on ATV‐mounted platforms may increase the utility of the equipment. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

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Control of the Plague Vector, Opisocrostis Hirsutus, by Treatment of Prairie Dog (Cynomys Ludovicianus) Burrows with 2% Carbaryl Dust

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Pyriproxyfen Spray, Powder, and Oral Bait Treatments on the Relative Abundance of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Towns

Effects of Pyriproxyfen Spray, Powder, and Oral Bait Treatments on the Relative Abundance of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Towns

Laboratory Evaluation of Fipronil and Imidacloprid Topical Insecticides for Control of the Plague VectorOropsylla montana(Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) on California Ground Squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

A Prototype Insecticide Applicator and Quality Control Monitoring for Plague Management on Prairie Dog Colonies

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