Control of the immune response to contact sensitizing chemicals by cutaneous antigen-presenting cells

Botham, Philip A.; Rattray, N.J.; Walsh, Stuart T.; Riley, E.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04084.x

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This observation lends circumstantial support to the hypothesis that Langerhans cells carry antigen to the local lymph nodes or present anti gen to T lymphocytes in the skin. This concept is further supported by the finding of cells reactive with an antibody to DNCB in the dermis of sensitized mice as early as 1 h after DNCB challenge, and in the regional draining lymph nodes, within 24 h [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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The Hapten in Contact Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene: Immunoelectron Microscopic and Immunofluorescent Studies

Gawkrodger

Haftek

Botham³

et al. 1989

Dermatology

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Six hours after challenge with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in sensitized volunteers, infrequent cells reacting with both OKT6 (CD 1a) and with an antibody to DNCB were demonstrated in the upper dermis in 3 out of 4 subjects, using a double fluorescence technique. Single marker studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to DNCB showed cytoplasmic reactivity with peripheral accentuation in keratinocytes throughout the epidermis, most intense in the granular and basal layers, and occasional positive cells in the papillary dermis. Immunoperoxidase electron microscopy using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to DNCB demonstrated reactivity on keratinocyte and Langerhans cell membranes, with intracellular deposition of reaction product on mitochondria. Reaction product was present on the external leaflets of Birbeck granules, suggesting that the penetration of DNCB was passive rather than due to an active endocytic process. The immunofluorescent studies suggest that the double-fluorescing upper dermal cells were Langerhans cells but this could not be confirmed by electron microscopy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…This may have been due to their scarcity, but an alternative explanation is that, as in the murine model [15]. Langer hans cells bearing antigen on their surface have mostly passed from the epidermis to the regional lymphatics before the 6-hour time point which was examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hapten in Contact Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene: Immunoelectron Microscopic and Immunofluorescent Studies

Gawkrodger

Haftek

Botham³

et al. 1989

Dermatology

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“…There are a number of studies that provide evidence -mostly indirect -that epidermal LC indeed possess this migratory capacity: (1) upon application of contact allergens, the number of LC, as determined by immunolabeling of epidermal sheet preparations, decreases by about one third [4,5,71]. (2) Larsen et al [34] have directly shown the capacity of LC to leave the epidermis.…”

Section: Migratory Function and Homing Properties Of Dendritic Cells/mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some of these DC contained typical Birbeck granules [36]. Similarly, the sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene was found on draining lymph node DC [5]. (5) Kripke and coworkers [32] transplanted allogeneic skin onto mice.…”

Section: Migratory Function and Homing Properties Of Dendritic Cells/mentioning

confidence: 98%

The immunologic properties of epidermal Langerhans cells as a part of the dendritic cell system

Romani

Schuler

1992

Springer Semin Immunopathol

127

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Dendritic cells form a system of antigen-presenting cells that is widely distributed in the body. They constitute trace populations in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues and in the circulation. They are characterized by their typical dendritic and "veiled" morphology, by their constitutive expression of high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on their surface, and by their outstanding capacity to initiate primary immune responses. Dendritic cells occur in two states of differentiation. In the immature state they are highly specialized for processing foreign protein antigens; in the mature state they efficiently stimulate resting antigen-specific T cells. Dendritic cells can migrate from the non-lymphoid tissues, where they reside in the immature state, via the afferent lymphatics or the blood to the T cell-dependent areas of the lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen). There, they appear as mature dendritic cells. Therefore, dendritic cells are ideally suited to mediate important aspects of immunogenicity: they can acquire antigens in the tissues and process them in an immunogenic form; they can carry the immunogen to the lymphoid organs; and they can find and efficiently activate antigen-specific T cell clones and thus generate an immune response. Studies of epidermal Langerhans cells have greatly helped in establishing this concept. They can be investigated freshly isolated from the epidermis where they represent immature (tissue) dendritic cells. After 2-3 days in culture they develop into mature dendritic cells. The mechanisms of dendritic cell maturation, which can be studied best using epidermal Langerhans cells, and the specific functions of Langerhans cells in immunogenicity are discussed.

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“…Enk et al [16] have studied cytokine mRNAs in the course of the induction phase of contact hypersensitivity, that is, at the time when Langerhans cells emigrate from the epidermis [8,10,39]. On application of a contact sensitizer the first mRNA to appear is IL-1␤, quickly followed by TNF-␣.…”

Section: Interdependence Of Tnf-␣ and Il-1␤mentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in skin organ cultures: augmentation by TNF-α and IL-1 β

Stoitzner

Zanella

Ortner

et al. 1999

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

114

101

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Migration from sites of antigen encounter to lymphoid organs is essential to the strong immunogenic function of dendritic cells (DC). In the skin, migration proceeds through dermal lymphatic vessels and is regulated in an incompletely understood way by inflammatory mediators. We studied the effects of tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣) and interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) in mouse skin organ cultures by direct enumeration of migrating DC and by immunohistochemistry.

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Control of the immune response to contact sensitizing chemicals by cutaneous antigen-presenting cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

The Hapten in Contact Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene: Immunoelectron Microscopic and Immunofluorescent Studies

The Hapten in Contact Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene: Immunoelectron Microscopic and Immunofluorescent Studies

The immunologic properties of epidermal Langerhans cells as a part of the dendritic cell system

Migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in skin organ cultures: augmentation by TNF-α and IL-1 β

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