Control of the diffusible hydrogen content in different steel phases through the targeted use of different welding consumables in underwater wet welding

Klett, Jan; Mattos, Isabel B. F.; Maier, Hans Jürgen; Silva, Régis Henrique Gonçalves e; Hassel, Thomas

doi:10.1002/maco.202011963

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The large CCR was associated with a large amount of diffusible hydrogen in the WM ( Figure 2 b). This result is consistent with previous reports on cold cracking [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The CCR decreased as the content of the alloying constituents of the WM increased [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Diffusible hydrogen content below 5 mL/100 g significantly reduces cold cracking. In contrast, diffusible hydrogen contents exceeding 5 mL/100 g and a large fraction of hard phases increase the hardness; these have been reported as major factors affecting cold cracking [ 28 ]. Therefore, the CCR values of the WMs used in this study were determined to be associated with C eq and the diffusible hydrogen content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Analysis of Cold-Cracking Ratio for Flux-Cored Arc Steel Welds Using Y- and y-Grooves

et al. 2021

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This study investigates various factors that influence the cold-cracking ratio (CCR) of flux-cored arc welds through Y- and y-groove tests. Factors affecting the CCR include the alloy component, diffusible hydrogen content, microstructure, hardness, and groove shape. In weld metals (WMs; WM375-R and WM375-B) of a low-strength grade, the diffusible hydrogen content has a more significant effect on the CCR than the carbon equivalent (Ceq) and microstructure. However, the combined effects of the microstructure and diffusible hydrogen content on the CCR are important in high-strength-grade WM. The CCR of the WM increased upon increasing Ceq and the strength grade because hard martensite and bainite microstructures were formed. Moreover, y-groove testing of the 500 MPa grade WM revealed a more significant CCR than that of the 375 MPa grade WM. Therefore, in high-strength-grade WMs, it is necessary to select the groove shape based on the morphology in the real welds.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Cold-Cracking Ratio for Flux-Cored Arc Steel Welds Using Y- and y-Grooves

et al. 2021

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“…The diffusible atomic hydrogen is of particular importance. The high cooling rate in underwater wet welding gives hydrogen significantly 2 of 15 less time to leave the weld area by diffusion [4]. The best welding results can be obtained with the use of rutile electrodes which allow easy arc initiation and stability during the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of A36 Marine Steel Subjected to Underwater Wet Welding

Surojo

Aji

Triyono

et al. 2021

Metals

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Underwater wet welding (UWW) is applied to repair basic offshore structures, underwater pipelines, water transportation, docks, and port equipment. The underwater wet welding method used in the current research was shield metal arc welding (SMAW), and this was conducted on an A36 steel plate. We investigated the effect of a water temperature of 10 ± 5 °C and different types of water flow (without flow, non-uniform flow with baffle bulkhead, and non-uniform flow without baffle bulkhead). The defects found on the specimen included spattering, irregular surfaces, porosity, and undercutting. A high cooling rate led to the formation of more acicular ferrite (AF) phases in the weld metal area than a slow cooling rate. The microstructure of the heat affected zone (HAZ) area led to the formation of finer and small grains. Values of tensile, impact, and hardness strength were greater with higher cooling rates. The highest tensile strength value was 585.09 MPa, and this occurred with non-uniform flow without a baffle bulkhead. The highest values of absorbed energy and impact strength were 41.9 J and 2.05 J/mm2, respectively, and these occurred with a non-uniform flow without a baffle bulkhead. The greatest hardness values were found with a non-uniform flow without a baffle bulkhead in the weld metal area.

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“…2000 MPa, and low cold-shortness temperature. However, to retain the strength of such steels after a welding process is incredibly difficult, even though in the manufacturing process, they undergo high-temperature tempering in order to improve the thermal resistance of the structure [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welding Thermal Cycles of Joints Made of S1100QL Steel by Saw and Hybrid Plasma-Mag Processes

Sajek

2020

Advances in Materials Science

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The aim of this article is to validate the method of conducting a multipoint temperature measurement in the area of welded joints as a tool for quality assessment of the joints in question. In order to establish a relationship between temperature readout at a given point, the value of heat input and the distance of the point form the weld axis, preliminary tests have been conducted on a set of padding welds. Correlation of measurement data analysis showed the high 0.99 level. In the second stage of the study, temperatures of joints welded with two different methods have been measured: the HPAW (Hybrid Plasma – Arc Welding) and classic SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) method. The obtained temperature curves reflect the intensity of heat input in a given welding process. When compared to thermal effects on metallographic specimens, the shapes of the curves show a potential for quality assessment of joints in production conditions. Estimating thermal effects with classic analytical methods proves imprecise with respect to advanced high-power welding processes. Monitoring temperature will allow to assess the quality of joints in the course of welding, which may be a remarkable factor in terms of limiting the HAZ (heat affected zone) tempering of joints made from MART steels (advanced high strength martensitic steel) – a phenomenon that exceedingly decreases the strength of the joints. The method for quality assessment of welded joints presented in this paper allows to extend the analysis of welding thermal conditions.

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Control of the diffusible hydrogen content in different steel phases through the targeted use of different welding consumables in underwater wet welding

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of Cold-Cracking Ratio for Flux-Cored Arc Steel Welds Using Y- and y-Grooves

Comprehensive Analysis of Cold-Cracking Ratio for Flux-Cored Arc Steel Welds Using Y- and y-Grooves

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of A36 Marine Steel Subjected to Underwater Wet Welding

Welding Thermal Cycles of Joints Made of S1100QL Steel by Saw and Hybrid Plasma-Mag Processes

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