Control of Superficial Scald of Apples by Low-oxygen Atmospheres

Wang, Zhenyong; Dilley, David R.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.34.7.1145

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…It is generally admitted that the interaction between ethylene, AF or CTol content and antioxidant potential depends on the maturity stage and that it affects superficial scald susceptibility. In apples, this interaction explains why early harvested fruits are more susceptible to scald (Chen et al, 1985;Ingle and D'Souza, 1989;Wang and Dilley, 1999). In pears, however, these interactions are less evident.…”

Section: Maturity At Harvest As An Indicator Of Scald Susceptibility mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maturity and harvest date have a significant influence on scald development in apples, with greater susceptibility to this disorder consistently found in earlier harvested fruit (Huelin and Murray, 1966;Anet, 1972;Chen et al, 1985;Wang and Dilley, 1999). This behaviour has been associated both with a lower activity of the antioxidant system in less mature fruit (Barden and Bramlage, 1994a,b) but also to faster kinetics of accumulation of oxidation products (Anet, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superficial scald is one of the main physiological disorders affecting postharvest quality of pears and apples leading to great economic losses worldwide (Wang and Dilley, 1999;Lurie and Watkins, 2012;Giné Bordonaba et al, 2013). This disorder, which manifests as brown or dark patches on the fruit skin, affects the fruit appearance and makes the fruit unsuitable for sale as a fresh commodity (Emongor et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An insight into the role of fruit maturity at harvest on superficial scald development in ‘Beurré D’Anjou’ pear

Calvo

Candan

Civello

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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Section: Maturity At Harvest As An Indicator Of Scald Susceptibility mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An insight into the role of fruit maturity at harvest on superficial scald development in ‘Beurré D’Anjou’ pear

Calvo

Candan

Civello

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…With the recent ban on the use of DPA by the European Union (EU), with a maximum tolerance of 0.1 ppm (EU Pesticides Database, 2012), apple commerce in global export markets has been affected, particularly in the EU (Rickard et al, 2016). Some alternative strategies that have been explored to replace DPA include 1) the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which substantially reduces or eliminates superficial scald during storage (Rupasinghe et al, 2000;Watkins, 2006); 2) ultra low oxygen (ULO; 0.7 kPa O 2 ), a controlled atmosphere (CA) storage technology which reduces superficial scald (Wang and Dilley, 2000) and its variants initial low oxygen (ILO) (Wang and Dilley, 1999;Zanella, 2003) and dynamic atmosphere storage (DCA) (Zanella et al, 2005); and 3) delayed cooling treatments (also known as prestorage conditioning treatments), such as warming before or during cold storage (Alwan and Watkins, 1999), or stepwise cooling (Moggia et al, 2009). All of these technologies either greatly reduce a-farnesene synthesis and accumulation (1-MCP and ULO) or prevent a-farnesene oxidation (DPA and ULO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prestorage Temperature and Ultra-low Oxygen Treatments Affect Incidence of Physiological Disorders in Organic ‘Granny Smith’ Apples

Zóffoli

Sanguedolce

Naranjo

et al. 2018

horts

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The physiological disorders superficial scald, bitter pit, and lenticel blotch pit severely compromise the commercial value of 'Granny Smith' apples. A number of chemical treatments are available to alleviate these disorders but they are unacceptable in the expanding organic market. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of prestorage treatments-delayed cooling and elevated temperature under ultra-low oxygen (ULO) atmospheres-as organic-friendly strategies to control these disorders. 'Granny Smith' apples were exposed to four different treatments: 1) conditioning temperature treatments (CTemp): 10 days at 3 8C or 30 days at 3 8C or 10 days at 20 8C, in air; 2) the same conditioning temperature treatments combined with an ultra-low oxygen (ULO) conditioning treatment of 0.2-0.5 kPa O 2 and <0.5 kPa CO 2 ; 3) 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment as a commercial control; and 4) untreated control fruit. After the prestorage treatment, fruit were stored for 90 or 150 days at 0 8C, and then held poststorage for 8 days at 20 8C before quality analysis. A combination treatment of temperature conditioning and ULO for 30 days at 3 8C achieved the best control of superficial scald, bitter pit, and lenticel blotch pit. The use of ULO with CTemp for 10 days at 20 8C offered the same control but induced high concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde that affected the organoleptic acceptability of the fruit and reduced its commercial value. The use of 1-MCP offered 100% control of superficial scald but bitter pit and lenticel blotch pit disorder incidences were similar or higher than in the control fruit. All ULO conditioning treatments resulted in high ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations during the first 90 days of storage, but fruit exposed to ULO conditioning treatment for 30 days at 3 8C showed similar organoleptic acceptability to control fruit after 150 days. Therefore, ULO conditioning is a potentially useful treatment for the organic apple industry.

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“…Once the fruits are returned to warmer temperatures, the actual necrosis occurs resulting in browning of the skin (Wang and Dilley, 1999;Tsantili et al, 2007;Pesis et al, 2009). The role that α-farnesene is thought to play in the development of superficial scald is attributed to its autoxidation products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomic sequence of AFS-1—an alpha-farnesene synthase from the apple cultivar ‘Royal Gala’

Beuning

Green

Yauk

2009

Front. Agric. China

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The genomic sequence encoding alphafarnesene synthase-1 (AFS-1) was amplified from genomic DNA isolated from 'Royal Gala' apple (MalusÂdomestica Borkh.). The genomic sequence consists of six introns and seven exons, which is consistent with Class III terpene synthases. Four variants of the genomic sequence were amplified. The four variants are based on the presence or absence of a repeat of two sequences, one found in intron 4 (CAGTTATTTAATT) and the other in intron 5 (TA).Although there were small nucleotide differences among the three apple cultivars 'Royal Gala', 'Idared', and 'Ralls', these resulted in only two amino acid changes in the protein sequence, which are unlikely to explain the resistance or susceptibility of an apple cultivar to superficial scald. Given that AFS-1 transcript levels are high in all cultivars, it appears that it is either the reactions downstream of alpha-farnesene production that control the accumulation of oxidation products related to superficial scald or that the variation in the level of its substrate, farnesyl diphosphate, may cause differences in the amount of alpha-farnesene produced.

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Control of Superficial Scald of Apples by Low-oxygen Atmospheres

Cited by 31 publications

References 86 publications

An insight into the role of fruit maturity at harvest on superficial scald development in ‘Beurré D’Anjou’ pear

An insight into the role of fruit maturity at harvest on superficial scald development in ‘Beurré D’Anjou’ pear

Prestorage Temperature and Ultra-low Oxygen Treatments Affect Incidence of Physiological Disorders in Organic ‘Granny Smith’ Apples

The genomic sequence of AFS-1—an alpha-farnesene synthase from the apple cultivar ‘Royal Gala’

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