Control of Sunflower Moth Larvae and Their Damage to Sunflower Seeds1

Carlson, E

doi:10.1093/jee/60.4.1068

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Although D. homoeosomae had the largest impact on H. electellum populations in this study and is widespread throughout North America and introduced into Cuba (Satterthwait and Swain 1946, Beregovy 1985, Sharkey et al 1987, Charlet 1999, it does not appear to control H. electellum populations in any region where it has been studied on agricultural sunßowers (Satterthwait andSwain 1946, Teetes andRandolph 1969). Parasitoids of H. electellum in California may be poorly adapted to conditions in agricultural habitats, because agricultural sunßowers have been grown in the San Joaquin Valley for Ͻ100 yr (Carlson 1967). Therefore, we suggest that parasitoid regulation may be disrupted in agricultural habitats by either crop domestication or the conditions of cultivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Abundance of a Native MothHomoeosoma electellum(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Activity of Indigenous Parasitoids in Native and Agricultural Sunflower Habitats

Chen

Welter

2002

Environ Entomol

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Insect herbivores have been assumed to be more abundant in agricultural habitats than in native habitats; however, this hypothesis is rarely tested explicitly by comparing Þeld populations of domesticated plants and their wild ancestors. This study examined the abundance of the sunßower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), and its parasitism by natural enemies in agricultural and native sunßower habitats. Nutrient levels and plant population factors in the two habitat types were measured to identify factors associated with the patterns of herbivory and parasitism. Adult male and larval H. electellum were consistently more abundant in agricultural habitats. In contrast, parasitism of H. electellum was 6 Ð10 times higher in native sunßower habitats than in agricultural habitats. Also, fewer parasitoid species were found in agricultural habitats, and parasitism by individual parasitoid species was reduced by 90%. Larval densities per ßower head were higher on agricultural plants, but parasitoids failed to respond to the higher densities. The relationship between ßower age and larval infestation differed between agricultural and wild ßowers; larval age tracked agricultural ßower age, but on wild ßowers, larvae moved from older to younger ßowers. Among the three nutrients sampled, only nitrogen was positively correlated with habitat differences. These results indicate that patterns of trophic interactions varied by habitat type and were related to plant phenotypic changes and environmental habitat factors such as crop domestication, nitrogen fertilization, and plant phenology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Abundance of a Native MothHomoeosoma electellum(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Activity of Indigenous Parasitoids in Native and Agricultural Sunflower Habitats

Chen

Welter

2002

Environ Entomol

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“…1972;Muma et a l . 1950;Carlson 1967). In Canada this species was first reported as a pest of sunflowers in the vicinity of Morden and omd dean,-~anitoba by Bird and Allen (1936).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs hatch and the young larvae soon tunnel into the developing head, where they are protected from all known non-persistent insecticides. One larva can damage an average of nine seeds during development (Carlson 1967). When mature, the larvae spin down to the ground and enter the soil where they form a silken cocoon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE OCCURRENCE, LIFE HISTORY, COURTSHIP, AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE SUNFLOWER MOTH, HOMOEOSOMA ELECTELLUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE), IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES

Arthur

1978

Can Entomol

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The sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) is a constant and damaging pest of cultivated sunflowers in Texas, Nebraska, and California. It was reported in Canada from Manitoba and Saskatchewan as early as 1936. Present studies begun in 1975 show that it can cause economic damage to cultivated fields in Saskatchewan. Field observations also indicate that this pest does not overwinter in Canada but that adults fly, or are blown in, from the south each year.An efficient method of rearing this pest in the laboratory was developed and observations on its life history and behaviour, especially courtship and mating behaviour, are reported herein.

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“…The sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), a pest of commercially produced sunflowers, Helianthus annuus (L.), has been recorded in California (Carlson, 1967), and along a north-south axis in central United States and Canada (Bird, 1937;Randolph et al, 1972;Arthur, 1978;Beregovoy, 1985). Teetes & Randolph (1969a) and DePew (1983) exposed different-aged sunflowers to ovipositing H. electellum females for 24 h and then counted the number of larvae per flowerhead 20 days later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helianthus annuus pollen, an oviposition stimulant for the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum

Delisle

McNeil

Underhill

et al. 1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Females of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum, laid a total of 242.3 + 27.4 (X +_ SE) eggs when provided oviposition sites of wax paper dusted with pollen from cultivated sunflowers. Fecundity was influenced by the age at which mating occurred but not by the duration of mating. Eggs were laid during both the light and dark portions of a 16L:8D photoperiodic cycle, with an evident peak occurring shortly after the onset of the scotophase.The fecundity of females provided oviposition sites with a 1 mg equivalent of an ethanolic pollen extract daily (124.2 + 22.8) did not differ significantly from that of females provided 1 mg of pollen (172.2 + 28.0). Furthermore, the females showed the same positive dose dependent oviposition response where sites contained different concentrations of either pollen or pollen extract. However, when different oviposition substrates were provided simultaneously, females preferred pollen > 'reconstituted pollen' (extract + pollen residue following extraction) = pollen extract > pollen residue = wax paper control. These data confirm the presence of an oviposition stimulant for 14. electellum in the sunflower pollen.Antennectomised females laid as many eggs on sites with pollen residue as on sites with pollen, indicating that the majority of sensillae for detecting the oviposition stimulant are located on the antennae.The importance of pollen load as an indicator of a suitable host plant, given that previous laid eggs do not inhibit subsequent oviposition, is discussed with respect to larval survival.

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Control of Sunflower Moth Larvae and Their Damage to Sunflower Seeds1

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Abundance of a Native MothHomoeosoma electellum(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Activity of Indigenous Parasitoids in Native and Agricultural Sunflower Habitats

Abundance of a Native MothHomoeosoma electellum(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Activity of Indigenous Parasitoids in Native and Agricultural Sunflower Habitats

THE OCCURRENCE, LIFE HISTORY, COURTSHIP, AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE SUNFLOWER MOTH, HOMOEOSOMA ELECTELLUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE), IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES

Helianthus annuus pollen, an oviposition stimulant for the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum

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