CONTROL OF STINKWEED (Thlaspi arvense) AND FLIXWEED (Descurainia sophia) IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum)

Blackshaw, Robert E.

doi:10.4141/cjps90-099

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Flixweed (Descurainia sophia), an annual herb, is one of the most abundant weeds in North America (Best 1977;Unger et al 1999) and China (Zhang 2003), and causes a great loss of crop yield (Blackshaw 1990). Flixweed has also been thought as a potential oil crop, because the oil content of seeds is high (35-40%) and the oil is rich in linolenic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and environmental regulation of seed germination in flixweed (Descurainia sophia)

Liu

Khan

et al. 2005

Plant Growth Regul

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Flixweed is one of the most abundant weeds in North America and China, and causes a reduction in crop yields. Dormancy of flixweed seeds is deep at maturity and is maintained in soil for several months. To identify regulators of seed dormancy and germination of flixweed, the effect of environmental and hormonal signals were examined using dormant and non-dormant seeds. The level of dormancy was decreased during after-ripening and stratification, but long imbibition (over 5 days) at 4°C in the dark resulted in the introduction of secondary dormancy. The strict requirement of duration of cold treatment for the break of dormancy may play a role in the seasonal regulation of germination. The germination of non-dormant flixweed seeds was critically regulated by red (R) and far-red (FR) light in a photoreversible manner. Sodium nitroprusside, a donor of nitric oxide (NO), promoted germination of half-dormant seeds, suggesting that NO reduced the level of seed dormancy. As has been shown in other related species, light elevated sensitivity to GA 4 in dark-imbibied flixweed seeds, but cold treatment did not affect GA 4 -sensitivity unlike in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our results indicate that seed germination in flixweed and its close relative Arabidopsis is controlled by similar as well as distinct mechanisms in response to various endogenous and environmental signals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and environmental regulation of seed germination in flixweed (Descurainia sophia)

Liu

Khan

et al. 2005

Plant Growth Regul

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“…Fall applications of 2,4-D are effective in controlling winter annuals such as T. arvense and flixweed (Anderson 1969), whereas dicamba and 2,4-D applied alone or in combination with glyphosate are effective in controlling annuals that emerge prior to spring seeding in conservation tillage systems (Moyer et al 1992). Bromoxynil and a mixture of bromoxynil plus MCPA will control T. arvense in the fall but do not offer residual control (reviewed in Blackshaw 1990). In field studies of winter wheat in Alberta, Blackshaw (1990) reported that various fall-applied herbicides, including chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, metribuzin, dicamba plus 2,4-D, or picloram plus 2,4-D, provided excellent initial and residual control of T. arvense in all 3 yr. Superior control and highest crop yields were attained with herbicides that controlled T. arvense in the fall and provided residual control of spring flushes of this weed.…”

Section: Response To Herbicides and Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bromoxynil and a mixture of bromoxynil plus MCPA will control T. arvense in the fall but do not offer residual control (reviewed in Blackshaw 1990). In field studies of winter wheat in Alberta, Blackshaw (1990) reported that various fall-applied herbicides, including chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, metribuzin, dicamba plus 2,4-D, or picloram plus 2,4-D, provided excellent initial and residual control of T. arvense in all 3 yr. Superior control and highest crop yields were attained with herbicides that controlled T. arvense in the fall and provided residual control of spring flushes of this weed.…”

Section: Response To Herbicides and Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wheat -In a 1986-1989 study in Alberta, Blackshaw (1990) reported that T. arvense and flixweed (Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb), combined to reduce the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by 18-32%. Hume (1989Hume ( , 1993 developed a model for estimating spring wheat (T. aestivum) yield losses caused by multi-species weed communities dominated by green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv], based on data collected over a 10-yr period, 1981-1990, in Saskatchewan.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 9. Thlaspi arvense L. (updated)

Warwick¹,

Francis²,

Susko³

2002

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. An updated review of biological information is provided for Thlaspi arvense. Native to Eurasia, the species is naturalized and widely spread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including all of Canada's provinces and territories, and has recently spread to temperate regions in the southern hemisphere. It is an annual pioneer of disturbed soils and is an important weed of grain, oilseed, and forage crops in Canada, particularly in the prairies. High levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates can contaminate canola. When present in hay or other fodder, its seeds or leaves can be toxic to animals, as well as contaminate milk and meat with unpleasant flavors. It can serve as a host for insect, nematode, fungal and viral pests of canola and mustard crops. A persistent seed bank, high fecundity, and the growth habit of a hardy winter annual with early-(EF) and lateflowering (LF) strains, all contribute to its ability to compete with crops. Effective herbicides include the sulfonylureas, chlorsulfuron and ethametsulphuron, MCPA, tribenuronmethyl, phenocyacetic acid, flurtamone, 2,4-D, 2,4-D + dicamba, and 2,4-D + picloram. A resistant biotype to Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), has been found at two to five sites in Alberta in 2001. The potential of T. arvense as an industrial oilseed crop is being investigated.

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“…Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, an annual dicot belonging to family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), has been used in folk medicines for the treatment of throat diseases, measles and smallpox in the middle Asia [1,2]. In China, its seeds (DSS) have been extensively exploited to relieve cough, prevent asthma, reduce edema and promote urination for thousands of years [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric analyses for the characterization of raw and processed seeds of Descurainia sophia (L.) based on HPLC fingerprints

Zhou

Tang

et al. 2015

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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CONTROL OF STINKWEED (Thlaspi arvense) AND FLIXWEED (Descurainia sophia) IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract: BLACKSHAw, R. E. 1990. Control of stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense) and flixweed (Descurainia sophia) in winter wheal (Triticum aestivum). Can. J. Plant Sci. 70: 81'7-824. Field studies were conducted from 1986

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Hormonal and environmental regulation of seed germination in flixweed (Descurainia sophia)

Hormonal and environmental regulation of seed germination in flixweed (Descurainia sophia)

The biology of Canadian weeds. 9. Thlaspi arvense L. (updated)

Chemometric analyses for the characterization of raw and processed seeds of Descurainia sophia (L.) based on HPLC fingerprints

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