Control of Spermatogonial Multiplication

Hochereau‐De‐Reviers, M.T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3824-6_14

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Many attempts to investigate the regulation of multiplication and differentiation of spermatogonia have been made, either in vivo [4,5,10,11,23] or in vitro [2,19,21,27,29,30]. However, the factors which are involved in the regulation of these processes remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture of porcine spermatogonia: effects of purification of the germ cells, extracellular matrix and fetal calf serum on their survival and multiplication

Marret

Durand

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Initial studies to establish an in vitro system allowing survival and multiplication of porcine spermatogonia are described. Purified spermatogonia from 3-week-old pigs were cultured for 9 days alone or in the presence of Sertoli cells in either control medium or in medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum (FCS). Under either condition the number and the viability of the cells decreased with time, but both parameters were positively influenced by the presence of FCS. However, very few, if any, spermatogonia were able to take up BrdU under either condition. In another series of experiments, small fragments of seminiferous tubules from 3-week-old pigs were cultured in the presence of FCS, or seeded on an extracellular matrix. Under these conditions the number of cells decreased between day 0 and day 2 or day 5, then it remained roughly constant until the end of the culture. The number of spermatogonia decreased 2.5 fold during the two-week culture period. Spermatogonia were able to incorporate BrdU until the end of the experiment. The number of BrdUlabeled spermatogonia was higher when tubule-segments were seeded on an extracellular matrix. Then, the effects of the association of FCS and extracellular matrix were tested. The number of spermatogonia, during the whole culture period, was higher in serum-containing cultures than in serumfree cultures. As for the number of spermatogonia able to incorporate BrdU at different days, is decreased 3 fold between day 2 and 14 irrespective of the culture conditions. By contrast, the number of spermatogonia, labeled with BrdU between day 1 and 2, measured on days 5 to 14 of culture, was higher in serum-containing cultures. Finally, the number of spermatogonia labeled between day 1 and 2 was higher from day 5 onward than the number of spermatogonia able to take up BrdU between days 4 and 13. Taken together, these results indicate that intercellular communication and extracellular matrix are important for spermatogonia multiplication and that FCS promotes the survival of spermatogonia under in vitro conditions. spermatogenesis / stem cells / in vitro Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 305-319 305

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture of porcine spermatogonia: effects of purification of the germ cells, extracellular matrix and fetal calf serum on their survival and multiplication

Marret

Durand

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…In any event, these cells carry on the lineage throughout the life of adult males. Seasonal variation in the number of renewing stem cells has been found in other seasonal breeders such as rams and red deer stags (Hochereau-de Reviers, 1981). In the horse, the number of the most primitive spermatogonia (A,) was 25% greater (P<0.05) in the breeding season (Fig.…”

Section: Seasonmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…1,4) is the somatic component of the seminiferous epithelium, and it is critical to germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Sertoli cell number if important as it is related to the spermatogonial number, spermatid number, or spermatozoan production rates in rams (Hochereau-de Reviers andCourot, 19781, bulls (Berndtson et al, 19871, horses (Johnson et al, 1991a,b, 1994), rats (Berndtson, 1989;Orth et al, 1988), and humans (Johnson et al, 19848. Sertoli cells function in structural support and nutrition of germ cells, spermiation of mature sperma- The acrosome is divided into the apical segment (ASA), principal segment (PSA), and equatorial segment (ESA). The inner acrosomal membrane (IAM) is located near the nuclear membrane (NM), and the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) is adjacent to the plasma membrane.…”

Section: Composition Of Seminiferous Tubules Somatic Cells: Sertoli Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several possible mechanisms by which the number of A spermatogonia can be modulated in a species. The size of the spermatogonial population is dependent upon: (1) the number of stem cells per testis, (2) the scheme of stem cell renewal, (3) the number of cell divisions from the stem cell to the primary spermatocyte (Hochereau-de Reviers, 1981), and (4) the amount of degeneration of specific subtypes of spermatogonia (Huckins, 1978). Of these factors, the interval at which newly committed spermatogonia enter (i.e., 12.2 day cycle length) has been determined for the horse (Swierstra et al, 1974).…”

Section: Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency of spermatogenesis

Johnson

1995

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Spermatogenesis is a process of division and differentiation by which spermatozoa are produced in seminiferous tubules. A measure of efficiency of spermatogenesis is the estimated number of spermatozoa produced per day per gram of testicular parenchyma. This measure is not influenced by species differences in testicular size; however, it is influenced by species differences in the numerical density of germ cells and in the life spans of these cells. Seminiferous tubules are composed of somatic cells (myoid cells and Sertoli cells), and germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids). Activity of these three germ cells divide spermatogenesis into spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis, respectively. Spermatocytegenesis involves mitotic cell division to increase the yield of spermatogenesis and to produce stem cells and primary spermatocytes. Meiosis involves duplication and exchange of genetic material and two cell divisions that reduce the chromosome number and yield four spermatids. Spermiogenesis is the differentiation of spherical spermatids into mature spermatids which are released at the luminal free surface as spermatozoa. The spermatogenic cycle is superimposed on the three major divisions of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis and germ cell degeneration can be quantified from numbers of germ cells in various steps of development throughout spermatogenesis, and quantitative measures are related to number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Germ cell degeneration occurs throughout spermatogenesis; however, the greatest impact occurs during spermatocytogenesis and meiosis. Efficiency of spermatogenesis is related to the amount of germ cell degeneration, pubertal development, season of the year, and aging of humans and animals. Number of Sertoli cells and amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of Leydig cells (but not Leydig cell number) are related to efficiency of spermatogenesis. In humans, efficiency of spermatogenesis is reflected in number of spermatogenic stages per cross-section and number of missing generations within each stage; however, the arrangement of stages along the tubular length does not reflect differences in the efficiency of spermatogenesis. In short, spermatogenesis involves both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions and an unsurpassed example of cell differentiation in the production of the spermatozoon, and daily sperm production per g parenchyma is a measure of its efficiency.

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“…This effect of inhibin was more pronounced when testosterone was administered simultaneously, either in the form of implants or as injections of testosterone propionate [5]. Hochereau-de-Reviers [7] observed a decrease in the number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in adult rats treated with a single injection of Busulfan and daily injections of rete testis fluid. In another study, Horchereau-deReviers and associates observed a decrease in Sertoli cell multiplication when immature rats were treated with testicular or ovarian extracts [8].…”

Section: Effect Of Inhibin On Spermatogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential application of inhibin in male and female contraception

Sheth

Moodbidri

1986

Adv Contracept

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After a review of investigations into the possible use of inhibin in the regulation of male and female fertility, briefly described and summarized in this article, the authors conclude that, at least in experimental animals, inhibin causes a significant reduction in testicular and epididymal spermatozoa in the male and luteal phase defect in the female. The precise mechanism by which inhibin brings about these effects is not known at present, and its elucidation will greatly help in the more effective use of inhibin.

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Control of Spermatogonial Multiplication

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Culture of porcine spermatogonia: effects of purification of the germ cells, extracellular matrix and fetal calf serum on their survival and multiplication

Culture of porcine spermatogonia: effects of purification of the germ cells, extracellular matrix and fetal calf serum on their survival and multiplication

Efficiency of spermatogenesis

Potential application of inhibin in male and female contraception

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